Chapter 3 Consciousness Flashcards
As drug users experience neuroadaptation, they demonstrate signs of drug _____.
tolerance
_____, barbiturates, and opiates calm neural activity and slow body functions. They belong to the category of psychoactive drugs called depressants.
Alcohol
Based on research from cognitive neuroscience, which scenario is true?
- A person in a coma is able to communicate pain through eye blinking.
- Jasmine thinks about eating a cookie, and her stomach starts to feel full.
- Doctors can detect a newborn’s pain response through use of a heart monitor.
- A researcher can tell that Julie is looking at a telephone based on cortical activation patterns.
- A researcher can tell that Julie is looking at a telephone based on cortical activation patterns.
Becky remembers a dream in which a car was parked in front of her house and a man with a baseball bat kept getting in and out of the car. According to Sigmund Freud’s theory, the specific dream details that Becky remembers are called the _____ content of the dream.
manifest
Dawn has a friend with numerous personal problems. He knows she is studying psychology, and he asks her opinion on hypnosis. Dawn tells him that treatment with hypnosis is MOST likely to help him:
- lose weight.
- get rid of his epilepsy.
- quit smoking.
- treat his drinking problem.
- lose weight.
Marshall goes to bed at his regular time, and as he begins to drift slowly off to sleep, he feels as if he is falling down the stairs. His legs jerk. This is best explained by:
- a hypnagogic sensation.
- a circadian rhythm.
- sleep apnea.
- narcolepsy.
a hypnagogic sensation.
Max goes to his psychotherapist and describes his recent dreams where he flies like an eagle through the sky. His therapist listens and then offers the interpretation that this dream signifies Max’s unconscious desires to be free of his family obligations. Max’s therapist is displaying an interest in the _____ content of his dreams.
latent
Nina goes to bed at her regular time, and as she begins to drift slowly off to sleep, she suddenly jerks because she feels as if she is falling down the stairs. This is best explained by a ____ sensation.
hypnagogic
Narcolepsy is associated with a relative absence of a hypothalamic neural center that produces:
- THC.
- melatonin.
- orexin.
- adenosine.
orexin.
One in ten adults complains of _____, a sleep disorder characterized by nightly problems falling or staying asleep.
insomnia
Research on addictive drugs indicates that:
- neuroadaption does not occur in drug addicts.
- the medical use of morphine to control pain typically leads to addiction.
- addictions to narcotic drugs can only be overcome with professional treatment programs.
- most of America’s ex-smokers were able to kick the habit on their own.
- most of America’s ex-smokers were able to kick the habit on their own.
Studies have found that people who begin drinking in the early teens are much more likely to become alcohol dependent than those who begin at age 21 or after. What possible explanations might there be for this correlation between early use and later abuse?
Possible explanations include (a) a biological predisposition to both early use and later abuse; (b) brain changes and taste preferences triggered by early use; and (c) enduring habits, attitudes, activities, or peer relationships that foster alcohol abuse.
Studying for her final exams, Natividad is forced to do a great deal of memorization. Unfortunately, her next-door neighbor has a dog that barks at night. The dog’s barking coincides almost precisely with Natividad’s REM sleep cycle, interrupting her ability to dream. Natividad does poorly on her exams. According to the information-processing theory of dreams, an explanation for her poor performance is that the barking interfered with her REM sleep, which interfered with her ability to _____ memories.
process
The _____ illusion illustrates how we have both a visual perception track and a visual action track.
hollow face
The _________ nucleus helps monitor the brain’s release of melatonin, which affects our __________ rhythm.
suprachiasmatic, circadian
