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Psychology > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

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1
Q

_____ is a hormone secreted by an empty stomach that sends “I’m hungry” signals to the brain.

  1. Insulin
  2. PYY
  3. Leptin
  4. Ghrelin
A

Ghrelin

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1
Q

During which phase of the sexual response cycle does the refractory period begin?

  1. the plateau phase
  2. the resolution phase
  3. the excitement phase
  4. orgasm
A
  • the resolution phase
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3
Q

People who receive high scores for narcissism on personality tests tend to collect more _____ friends.

  1. famous
  2. superficial
  3. significant
  4. meaningful
A

superficial

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4
Q

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than _____ people are overweight worldwide.

A

1 billion

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4
Q

Raquel was initially excited to make the cheerleading squad. However, her parents noticed that she stopping eating dinner with them, wanted to help make most meals, and had a list of good and bad foods. She began portioning the amount of food she ate, weighing food, and would claim to have already eaten. Most concerning was the significant weight drop from a healthy 115 pounds to 90 pounds. This case most clearly demonstrates symptoms of:

  1. excess PYY.
  2. an abnormally high set point.
  3. bulimia nervosa.
  4. anorexia nervosa.
A

anorexia nervosa.

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5
Q

When the level of _____ in your blood drops, your hunger increases.

A

glucose

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5
Q

Zach’s wife complains that every time he practices his guitar he loses track of time and of the needs of the family (e.g., crying baby, hungry toddler, and dirty dishes). She thinks it is like he is in another world where nothing else matters to him. What is this focused state of consciousness called?

  1. flow
  2. overconfidence
  3. perceptual adaptation
  4. fixation
A

flow

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6
Q

Which THREE of the following five factors contribute to unplanned teen pregnancies?

a. Alcohol use
b. Higher intelligence level
c. Ignorance
d. Mass media models
e. Increased communication about options

A

alchohol use

ignorance

mass media models

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7
Q

According to one study, a section of the _____ has been found to be larger in homosexual men than in heterosexual men.

  1. right brain hemisphere
  2. hypothalamus
  3. adrenal glands
  4. brainstem
A

hypothalamus

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8
Q

Hunger occurs in response to __________ (low/high) blood glucose and ________ (low/high) levels of ghrelin.

A

low; high

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8
Q

The concept of a set point is relevant to understanding the experience of:

  1. achievement motivation.
  2. sexual motivation.
  3. the need to belong.
  4. hunger.
A

hunger

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9
Q

A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior is:

  1. drive reduction.
  2. instinct.
  3. incentive.
  4. homeostasis.
A
  • incentive.
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10
Q

According to Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, people are motivated to satisfy basic _____ and safety needs before pursuing higher _____ needs.

  1. psychological; physiological
  2. physiological; homeostasis
  3. psychological; homeostasis
  4. physiological; psychological
A

physiological; psychological

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11
Q

Some taste preferences are _____, as when people who have been sickened by a food item develop an aversion to it.

  1. situational
  2. genetic
  3. cultural
  4. conditioned
A

conditioned

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11
Q

Some taste preferences are _____, as when people given highly salted foods develop a liking for excess salt.

A

conditioned

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11
Q

Which of the following was NOT identified as a contributing factor in the interviewer illusion?

  1. Interviewers have a tendency to think that interview behavior only reflects applicants’ enduring traits.
  2. Interviewers have a tendency to follow the successful careers of the applicants they hired rather than those who were not hired.
  3. Interviews reveal applicants’ intentions but not necessarily their habitual behaviors.
  4. Most interviewers have a tendency to rely on unstructured rather than structured interviews.
A

Most interviewers have a tendency to rely on unstructured rather than structured interviews.

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13
Q

After an eight-hour hike without food, your long-awaited favorite dish is placed in front of you, and your mouth waters in anticipation. Why?

A

Through classical conditioning (Chapter 7), you have learned to respond to the sight and aroma that signal the food about to enter your mouth. Both physiological cues (low blood sugar) and psychological cues (anticipation of the tasty meal) heighten your experienced hunger.

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13
Q

______________ is a protein secreted by fat cells and when abundant causes the brain to increase metabolism and decrease hunger.

  1. Ghrelin
  2. PYY
  3. Orexin
  4. Leptin
A

Leptin

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14
Q

Adults who were blind from birth, but who gained sight after surgery:

  1. Adults who gained sight after surgery experienced all of these effects.
  2. were NOT able to recognize objects by sight that were familiar by touch.
  3. were able to distinguish figure from ground.
  4. were able to sense colors.
A

Adults who gained sight after surgery experienced all of these effects.

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15
Q

Terrell is NOT feeling hungry at the moment. This is likely because his ghrelin levels are _____.

A

low

16
Q

When asked why he wanted to climb Mount Everest, George Mallory responded, “because it is there.” This is an example of _____ theory.

A

arousal

16
Q

Tyrone has a serious case of amnesia and has no memory for anything that occurred more than a minute ago. If he was to eat dinner, and then be offered dinner again, what would the likely outcome be?

  1. He would refuse it, saying he was feeling full.
  2. He would not remember his recent meal, so would eat it readily.
  3. He would refuse it, saying he had just had dinner.
  4. He would take one bite and then say he was full from his dinner.
A

He would not remember his recent meal, so would eat it readily.

17
Q

ou smell coffee brewing in the morning and, really, it is the only reason you are willing to get out of bed. In this situation, the coffee is a(n):

  1. incentive.
  2. safety need.
  3. instinct.
  4. arousal initiator.
A

incentive.

18
Q

_____ is a concept that hypothesizes a focused state of consciousness that occurs when someone is completely involved in an activity, with diminished awareness of self and time.

  1. Motivation
  2. Flow
  3. Personnel psychology
  4. Achievement motivation
A

flow

19
Q

Women, more than men, prefer to alternate periods of high sexual activity with periods of very little sexual activity. This best illustrates gender differences in:

  1. set points.
  2. erotic plasticity.
  3. refractory periods.
  4. basal metabolic rate.
A

erotic plasticity

20
Q

Teenage girls seem to be especially vulnerable to _____ because of their lower levels of protective antibodies.

  1. having too few refractory periods
  2. egocentrism
  3. erotic plasticity
  4. STIs
A

STI`s

22
Q

Lisa just bought a new car. She really loves it. One of the main reasons is that she is able to access many of the controls while keeping her eyes on the road. For example, she is able to see how fast she is driving in the bottom-left portion of the windshield. In addition, she is able to control the stereo system by pressing buttons on the steering wheel. It is likely that the engineers who designed the car worked with _____ psychologists.

  1. evolutionary
  2. organizational
  3. personnel
  4. human factors
A
  • human factors
24
Q

In an attempt to lose some of the weight gained by binge eating, Melissa uses laxatives and exercises until she is exhausted. Melissa most clearly demonstrates symptoms of:

  1. hypermetabolism.
  2. a refractory period.
  3. anorexia nervosa.
  4. bulimia nervosa.
A

bulimia nervosa.

25
Q

Personnel psychology is one of the main subfields of:

  1. industrial-organizational psychology.
  2. human factors psychology.
  3. organizational psychology.
  4. evolutionary psychology.
A

industrial-organizational psychology.

26
Q

When people feel drawn to a partner:

  1. they become motivated to underestimate the sexual risks.
  2. they seek advice from their religious leaders.
  3. they seek out contraception.
  4. they become motivated to overestimate the sexual risks.
A

they become motivated to underestimate the sexual risks.

28
Q

Destruction of the _____________ causes an animal to _____________.

  1. ventromedial hypothalamus; stop eating
  2. lateral hypothalamus; overeat
  3. lateral hypothalamus; start eating
  4. ventromedial hypothalamus; overeat
A

ventromedial hypothalamus; overeat

29
Q

In _____ effect, people will respond more positively to a decision if given an opportunity to express their opinion during the decision-making process.

A

voice

30
Q

How might the evolutionary perspective, drive-reduction theory, and arousal theory explain our sexual motivation?

A

Evolutionary perspective: Those motivated to have sex were more likely to leave descendants—us—than were others who lacked sexual motivation. Drive-reduction theory: Hormonal influences create a driven (physiologically aroused) state that compels us to reduce the drive. Arousal theory: People sometimes seek the pleasure and stimulation of arousal.

31
Q

According to Angela Duckworth and Martin Seligman, which of the following distinguishes extremely successful individuals?

  1. intelligence
  2. talent
  3. grit
  4. experience
A

grit

32
Q

Lonnie, an airplane mechanic, is trying to explain to his 10-year-old daughter how airplanes fly. He is getting very frustrated because he can’t understand why she does not understand his explanations. Perhaps he is suffering from:

  1. a cognitive disparity.
  2. the curse of knowledge.
  3. perceptual inconsistency.
  4. perceptual adaptation.
A

the curse of knowledge.

34
Q

Though she has had sexual intercourse, 30-year-old Mai has never had an orgasm. Her physician has told her she has a(n) _____ disorder.

A

orgasmic dysfunction

35
Q

A starving rat will lose all interest in food if its arcuate _____ is destroyed.

A

nucleus

36
Q

During the _______________, the excitement peaks as breathing, pulse, and blood pressure rates continue to increase.

  1. plateau phase
  2. excitement phase
  3. orgasm
  4. resolution phase
A
  • plateau phase
37
Q

Research on sexual orientation indicates that:

  1. there have always been some cultures that are predominantly homosexual.
  2. homosexuality is more common among women than men.
  3. committed long-term love relationships are more common among lesbians than among gay men.
  4. more than 10 percent of men are exclusively homosexual.
A

committed long-term love relationships are more common among lesbians than among gay men.

38
Q

A study of four urban, school-based abstinence programs found that 49 percent of students NOT participating had sex over the next four to six years, whereas _____ percent of students participating in the abstinence program had sex over the same time period.

A

49

40
Q

Despite popular misconception, approximately what percentage of people in the United States of America and Europe are exclusively homosexual?

  1. 0.5 to 1 percent of men, and 1 to 1.5 percent of women
  2. 3 to 4 percent of men, and 1 to 2 percent of women
  3. 5 to 7 percent of men, and 3 to 4 percent of women
  4. 2 to 4 percent of men, and 5 to 7 percent of women
A
  • 3 to 4 percent of men, and 1 to 2 percent of women
41
Q

James is scheduled for a job interview with Ms. Farrar. He knows that she is in charge of selecting, placing, and evaluating employees for her firm, but he cannot remember her educational background. Which of the following is most likely Ms. Farrar’s educational background?

  1. personnel psychology
  2. personality psychology
  3. organizational psychology
  4. human factors engineering
A

personnel psychology

43
Q

Whenever physiological need increases, such as when we get thirsty or hungry, psychological drive also goes up. This is an example of _____ theory.

A

drive-reduction

44
Q

When our need for _____ is balanced with our need for autonomy and competence, we experience a deep sense of well-being.

A

relatedness

45
Q

You are visiting colleagues in Mexico City and are asked to try a local delicacy, sautéed ant eggs. You are reluctant to do so as your ______________, which was adaptive for your ancestors, also makes you less willing to consume this odd food.

  1. neophobia
  2. reophobia
  3. geophobia
  4. toxiphobia
A

neophobia

46
Q

During the _____, breathing, pulse, and blood pressure rates continue to increase and sexual excitement peaks.

  1. resolution phase
  2. plateau phase
  3. excitement phase
  4. orgasm
A

plateau phase

47
Q

In collaboration with researchers at France’s National Center for Scientific Research, Andrew Geier (2006) explored a possible explanation for why French waistlines are smaller than American waistlines. This was called:

  1. social facilitation.
  2. neophobia.
  3. unit bias.
  4. factor analysis.
A
  • unit bias.
48
Q

Assessing the impact of different management styles on the motivation and productivity of employees best illustrates the professional concerns of:

  1. organizational psychologists.
  2. clinical psychologists.
  3. human factors psychologists.
  4. personnel psychologists.
A

organizational psychologists.

49
Q

______________ is a digestive tract hormone that sends “I’m not hungry” signals to the brain.

  1. Insulin
  2. Serotonin
  3. PYY
  4. Glucose level
A

PYY

Psychology (9 decks)

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