Chapter 3: China Flashcards
This secretive behavior pattern has made extremely _____ the task of the historian studying Chinese weaponless martial arts.
difficult
In the field of weaponless combat, _____ undoubtedly was the catalyst in producing the techniques that have eventually come to be called _____.
China
karate
While the major Chinese precursor of karate is _____ __ in Mandarin Chinese, it is more popularly known as _____ __ (pronounced “_____-___”).
ch’uan fa
kung fu
gung-foo
Although we call ch’uan fa a Chinese art, it is _____ that it is wholly a product of Chinese genius.
doubtful
The most reliable sources for our knowledge of Bodhidharma are generally considered to be _______________ in A.D. 654, and the _______________, by Priest Tao-yuan, written in 1004.
Biographies of the High Priests
Records of the Transmission of the Lamp
The earliest ch’uan fa schools were so _____ that it was considered a capital offense to display the techniques to the _____.
secretive
uninitiated
The earliest written source concerning Bodhidharma is found in a work entitled _____, by Yang Hsuan Chih in 547.
Records of the Lo-yang Temple
Modern scholarship has been either _____ to accept any single version of Bodhidharma’s existence, or it asserts that all accounts of the Indian monk are _____.
reluctant
legendary
Eminent Buddhist-historians such as Suzuki, Ch’en, and Heinrich feel that Bodhidharma was an actual _____ despite the many admitted sprinklings and spicings of _____ that have been added to his biography.
person
myth
Bodhidharma was the third child of King _____ in southern India, was a member of the _____, or warrior caste.
Sugandha
Kshatriya
Bodhidharma is said to have received his religious training from the _____ master _____, who was responsible for changing the young disciple’s name from _____.
Dhyana
Prajnatara
Bodhitara
By the time of his middle age, he was considered to be very wise in the ways of _____, or _____ practices.
Dhyana
Zen
According to one account, Bodhidharma set sail for _____ possibly because of a _____ wish from his old master. According to another account, the decision was made by Bodhidharma alone, because he was _____ by the decline of Buddhism in the areas outside of India proper.
China
death
saddened
According to one account Bodhidharma first arrived in China during the Sung dynasty (____-____), but the traditional date of Bodhidharma’s entry into China has been ____.
420
479
520
After the famous but historically questionable debate between Bodhidharma and Emperor _____, Bodhidharma’s life is centered around the _____ Temple and Monastery located in _____ Province.
Wu
Shaolin
Honan
Tradition states that upon seeing the _____ condition of the monks of this temple, Bodhidharma instructed them in physical exercises to condition their _____ as well as their _____.
emaciated
bodies
minds
In several works dealing with ch’uan fa and karate, reference is made to the close tie between Bodhidharma’s Shaolin exercises and the above-named fighting arts. The factual basis for these hypotheses is the physical _____ Bodhidharma introduced to the Shaolin monks, called _____ _____ _____, or in English, “_____ _____ ___ ___ _____.”
drills
Shihpa Lohan Shou
Eighteen Hands of the Lohan
At the _____ time Lohan is used to designate all _____ _____ of the historic Buddha, but more generally the term refers to those five hundred arhats who are supposed to reappear on earth as _____.
present
famous disciples
Buddhas
The precise meaning of Lohan in Bodhidharma’s time, however, is lost, and we are forced to rely on the educated assumption that they were some form of temple _____ of _____ origin.
guardians
Hindu
Tradition designates Bodhidharma as the _____ of the term “Lohan” in _____.
initiator
Chinese
For our purposes, however, the main significance of the Shihpa Lohan Shou, via Bodhidharma, is that it is reputed to be the basis for the famous Shaolin _____ ___.
ch’uan fa
Why would a Zen patriarch conceive a form of ch’uan fa that, at least in its present stage of evolution, is a brutally effective weapon of combat? The answer, most probably, is that Bodhidharma never_____ his Shihpa Lohan Shou to be a _____ martial art.
intended
violent
The term traditionally applied to Bodhidharma—”wall-gazing Brahmin”—is a _____. As a member of the Kshatriya, he was exposed to ____ existing forms of weaponless _____ from boyhood.
misnomer
all
fighting
The development of the Shaolin style of unarmed self-defense, has a varied history, depending on the source. The most plausible version indicates that after Bodhidharma left the monastery, many of the other _____ of the Shaolin set out to _____ his teachings.
monks
disseminate
_____ Yuan Shang-jen is credited with increasing Bodhidharma’s original eighteen hand-and-foot positions to ____.
Ch’ueh
72
After Ch’ueh had spent some time popularizing his expanded version of the Shaolin ch’uan fa, he traveled to Shensi Province where he met with another martial arts master named _____. These two men are said to have enlarged the seventy-two strokes to ____.
Li-shao
170
it was Ch’ueh Yuan who was responsible for the _____ and _____ of the Shaolin ch’uan fa.
rise
fame
Most ch’uan fa forms practiced in the twentieth century are _____ of the 170 (var. 173) hand-and-foot positions of Ch’ueh Yuan, and though they have undergone a steady _____ they can still be traced ultimately to Bodhidharma’s embryonic eighteen positions.
descendants
evolution
There is every possibility that some type of weaponless combat developed in China long _____ the advent of Bodhidharma.
before
The _____ Rebellion was an unorganized mass revolt against _____ controls in China.
Boxer
foreign
Hatred of Western domination reached a breaking point in _____ when the Boxers staged their famous rebellion. The Boxers were involved in a type of chuan fa activity.
1900
Most of the actual combat during the Boxer rebellion was conducted with _____. The empty-handed or true ch’uan fa styles seem to have been employed primarily for _____ purposes.
weapons
propaganda
Throughout history, China probably had the most _____ forms of martial arts.
secretive
The most prominent term used for Chinese martial arts today is _____. This term means “_____ _____ ______,” and is used to describe over four hundred schools and styles.
wushu
art of war
Before the 1980s, _____ _____ was more commonly used in the West to describe these same arts, and being a _____ word, is still prevalent where southern Chinese predominate.
kung fu
Cantonese
In every true art form, whether aesthetic or practical, some part of the artist’s technique is kept secret. This was especially true of the Chinese martial arts until the decade of the _____.
1960s
Far from training in Chinese organizations exclusively, the Chinese martial arts are “out of the closet” so to speak and readily available to ______ and _____ who wish to study and train.
any
all
