Chapter 2: India

Question 0

The Kshatriya can best be compared to the Japanese _____ and the medieval _____ of Europe.

Answer 0

samurai

knights

Question 1

In earlier Indian civilizations a warrior class called the _____ was the dominant strata in Indian society.

Answer 1

Kshatriya

Question 2

The Kshatriya had a direct relationship with at least _____ early fighting style.

Answer 2

one

Question 3

The first written evidence of an Indian bare-handed fighting art is mentioned in the well-known Buddhist scripture called the _____ _____.

Answer 3

Lotus Sutra

Question 4

The following quotation from the Lotus Sutra mentions a group of ancient fighters in India: “the bodhisattva dwells in a state of patience … he seeks no intimacy with kings, princes . . . nor with heretics . . . nor with _____.”

Answer 4

pugilists

Question 5

Pugilism is the art or practice of fighting with _____.

Answer 5

fists

Question 6

In the Lotus Sutra, we find reference to another fighting art called ____.

Answer 6

nara

Question 7

Nara means “a manly character; a ____ or _____.”

Answer 7

dancer

performer

Question 8

There is a close similarity between Oriental _____ and the martial arts of _____ ___ and _____.

Answer 8

dancing
ch’uan fa
karate

Question 9

Nara may not be _____, but in actuality a _____ style akin to karate or ch’uan fa.

Answer 9

dancing

fighting

Question 10

Continuing with the proof that a bare-handed fighting art existed in ancient India, we find further reference in an early Buddhist sutra of a “_____ _____.”

Answer 10

strength contest

Question 11

Strength contests are tests of _____, mentioned _____ in early Indian works.

Answer 11

combat

frequently

Question 12

India appears to be the birthplace of at lease two more bare-handed fighting arts, _____ and _____.

Answer 12

vajramushti

kalaripayat

Question 13

Evidence seems to indicate that _____ was the very first karate-like technique and that it was commonly practiced by the _____, or warrior caste.

Answer 13

vajramushti

Kshatriya

Question 14

Kalaripayat is said to be an ancient karate-like art, and may have been influenced by _____.

Answer 14

vajramushti

Question 15

Kalaripayat was practiced in northern _____ as well as the southern state of _____.

Answer 15

India

Kerala

Question 16

Some authors associate kalaripayat with the style brought to China by _____.

Answer 16

Bodhidharma

Question 17

One modern karate authority, in describing vajramushti practice, states that students of this art strengthened their hands by first pouring _____ on their fists or by immersing the whole hand into _____, and then striking a slab of _____ repeatedly with the knuckles.

Answer 17

milk
milk
marble

Question 18

_____, the breathing technique of kalaripayat, is part of the “Eightfold Path of Discipline” in _____ yoga.

Answer 18

Pranayama

Astanga

Question 19

Yoga might be called the “awareness” or “enlightenment” aspect of _____, whereas Zen serves as a similar vehicle in _____.

Answer 19

Hinduism

Buddhism

Question 20

It is somewhat _____ that a discipline of _____ forms an instrumental part of Bodhidharma’s kalaripayat regimen.

Answer 20

perplexing

yoga

Question 21

Many of the postures of early Indian _____ have a marked resemblance to _____ forms.

Answer 21

statues

karate

Question 22

A large number of these statues are found as _____ in the gate entrances to _____ temples, usually in an exact karate stance.

Answer 22

guardians

Buddhist

Question 23

Although none of the foregoing bits of evidence can be considered _____ proof that a form of karate existed in ancient India, taken as a _____ they point so overwhelmingly to such a conclusion that it is _____ to think otherwise.

Answer 23

conclusive
whole
impossible