Chapter 1: Background Flashcards
In the _____ century, China was approaching her zenith as the most _____ nation on earth.
sixth
powerful
Traveling out of _____ in approximately A.D. _____, an obscure Buddhist monk named Bodhidharma crossed the Chinese frontier.
India
525
In most of East Asia today, Bodhidharma is revered as the spiritual father of _____ Buddhism and the founder to a weaponless fighting art that was the _____ of modern-day karate.
Zen
precursor
It is commonly held that karate developed either in _____ proper, or on _____ during the time it was a rather formidable island kingdom.
Japan
Okinawa
However, karate-like arts existed in various parts of _____ long _____ they were known in either Japan or Okinawa.
Asia
before
In the present-day Japanese language the ideographs for karate mean “_____ _____” and are pronounced ( _____ ) with equal emphasis on each syllable.
empty hand
kah-rah-tay
Other terms used in Chinese and Japanese to describe certain fighting systems that existed on Okinawa and that had marked similarities to modern karate are _____, _____, and the _____.
kempo
tode
te
The term “kempo” means “_____ _____ _____ _____” or “_____ _____ _____ _____.”
law of the fist
way of the fist
The term “kempo” is read _____ _____ in Mandarin and _____ _____ in Cantonese.
ch’uan fa
ken fat
Kempo is a _____ form of self defense and self development very similar to _____.
Chinese
karate
The first character, to, of tode is the symbol for _____, the name of the great Chinese dynasty that flourished between A.D. _____-_____ and influenced Japan in many ways.
T’ang
618
906
The first character, to, of tode was also read as _____ and was used an an adjective meaning “_____.”
kara
China
The same ideograph that are pronounced “karate” can also be pronounced “_____”
tode
Te simply means “_____.” However, as early as _____ this term was used on Okinawa to describe a fighting style that bears a strong resemblance to modern karate.
hand
1629
In year _____ karate was included in the physical education curriculum of _____ intermediate schools.
1905
Okinawa’s
The ideographs _____ _____ were standard on Okinawa at this time.
唐手
In year _____ an Okinawa karate master named Chomo _____ broke from this traditional way of writing karate and used the other kara ideograph for his book, Karate Soshu Hen.
1906
Hanagi
Hanagi’s book is the _____ written record in which _____ is represented by a _____ written character.
first
kara
different
In October, _____, five Okinawan karate masters, including Hanagi, convened in Naha and decided that the kara ideograph __, meaning _____, was best suited for the writing of the word.
1936
空
empty
The kara 空 ideograph was deemed best suited for the writing of kara, both because this ideograph was closely associated with _____ philosophy and because in dispensing with the to 唐 ideograph, they would erase any association with _____.
Buddhist
China
By year ____ the __ __ form of writing karate became _____ and has remained unchanged to the present day.8
1937
空手
standardized
Besides the Okinawan and Chinese prototypes previously described, how many fighting systems may have contributed to modern day karate?
Five
One fighting system that may have contributed to modern-day karate is _____ barehanded fighting as depicted in _____ wall murals;
Egyptian
pyramid
Another fighting system that may have contributed to modern-day karate is _____ gladiatorial combat.
Roman
Another fighting system that may have contributed to modern-day karate is Japanese _____ wrestling.
sumo
Another fighting system that may have contributed to modern-day karate is _____ and _____ foot fighting.
Indian
Persian
Another fighting system that may have contributed to modern-day karate is a genus of weaponless fighting found in Thailand, ____, ____, ____, and ____.
Malaysia
Cambodia
Laos
Vietnam
