Chapter 3: Cells And Their Functions Flashcards
Which microscope has the highest magnification?
Transmission electron microscope
Microscope most commonly used in labs
Compound light microscope
Cell functions are carried out by specialized structures called ___
Organelles
Major lipids in the plasma membrane
Phospholipids and cholesterol
Part of a cell that contains cytosol and organelles
Cytoplasm
The nucleus of a cell contains ___
Chromosomes
Small body in the nucleus that assembles ribosomes
Nucleolus
“Power plant” cell organelle
Mitochondria
Which is not a basic function of proteins in the plasma membrane?
Diffusers
“Protein factories” cell organelles
Ribosomes
“Digestive bags” cell organelles
Lysosomes
Network of membranes in the cytoplasm rough or smooth
Endoplasmic reticulum (er)
Which is not an organelle that helps destroy harmful substances?
Prednisomes
Which organelle helps convert nutrients into atp?
Mitochondria
2 types of organelles used for motions
Cilia and flagellum
Which term best describes the plasma membrane?
Selectively permeable
Net movement of particles from a region of higher to lower concentration
Diffusion
Osmosis is diffusion of water through channels called ____
Semipermeable membranes
Active transport uses the chemical energy of ___ to move solutes though the plasma membrane
ATP
Movement of materials onto a cell ___, movement of materials out in vesicles ____
Endocytosis, exocytosis
Which is not an example of membrane transport processes that does not require cell energy?
Active transport
Main difference between active and passive membrane transport is due to ____
Cellular energy requirements
The process of diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Osmosis
DNA is found in___, RNA is found in___
Nucleus, cytoplasm
All cells besides sex cells are formed by___
Mitosis
What must happen to DNA in a cell before mitosis can occur?
Replication of DNA
Which phase is when DNA replication occurs between one mitosis and the next
Interphase
The four phases of mitosis include prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and ____
Telophase
Phase of mitosis when DNA is tightly wound into chromosomes
Prophase
Phase of mitosis when chromosomes separate and move towards the opposite ends of the cell
Anaphase
Phase of mitosis when chromosomes line up along the cell’s equator
Metaphase
The study of cells is called____
Cytology
Flattened sacs that process chemicals
Golgi apparatus
Short, hairlike organelles on the free side of some cells for motion
Cilia
Long, tail-like organelles that propel sperm cells
Flagella
Structures that move particles to or from the plasma membrane
Vesicles
Fluid in the cytoplasm between the nucleus and plasma membrane
Cytosol
