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Anatomy > Chapter 2: Chemistry > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

A _____ is composed of more than one type of atom

A

Compound

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2
Q

Which element is found in all organic compounds?

A

Carbon

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3
Q

Which substance releases a hydrogen ion when dissolved in water?

A

Acid

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4
Q

The pH scale indicates the ___ of an acid or base

A

Strength

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5
Q

Isotopes give off radiation and are used to ______

A
  • diagnose illness

- treat cancer

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6
Q

Matter is composed of elements, which are composed of____

A

Atoms

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7
Q

The atomic number of an atom equals the number of _____

A

Protons

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8
Q

The smallest complete unit of matter

A

Atom

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9
Q

The atomic weight of an atom equals ____

A

Weight of protons plus neutrons

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10
Q

The building blocks of carbohydrates are simple sugars called ____

A

Monosaccharides

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11
Q

A substance composed of only one type of atom

A

Element

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12
Q

Which of the following is not organic

A
  • Lipids
  • Cholesterol
  • Sodium chloride (@)
  • Nucleotide
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13
Q

An enzyme is a protein that ___

A

Increases the speed of chemical reactions

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14
Q

An atom’s electrons orbit in these regions about the nucleus

A

Energy levels

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15
Q

Compounds that can release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water are ___

A

Acids

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16
Q

The nucleus of an atom has protons and ____

A

Neutrons

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17
Q

Proteins are the body’s ___ materials

A

Structural

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18
Q

Isotopes that give off radiation are called ____

A

Radioactive

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19
Q

Compounds formed when an acid reacts with a base joined by ionic bonds

A

Salts

20
Q

DNA and RNA are ____

A

Nucleotides which transmit genetic traits

21
Q

The parts of an atom include:

A
  • protons
  • neutrons
  • electrons
22
Q

Lipids are insoluble in water (t/f)

A

True

23
Q

Lipids include phospholipids, cholesterol , and fats (t:f)

A

True

24
Q

Carbohydrates contain C, H, and O, and twice as many carbon atoms as oxygen (t/f)

A

False

25
Q

Carbohydrates include sugars and starches (t/f)

A

True

26
Q

Nucleotides include ____

A

RNA and DNA

27
Q

Which substance always has a pH below 7?

A

An acid

28
Q

Which substance is important in maintaining a relatively constant pH in body fluids?

A

A Buffer

29
Q

Which substance is termed the universal solvent?

A

Water

30
Q

Which chemical is not a compound?

A

O2 (any same elements together are not, compound has 2 different together)

31
Q

Which element makes up the greatest percentage of body weight?

A

Oxygen

32
Q

The first energy level of an atom can hold a maximum of ____

A

2 electrons

33
Q

The atoms of isotopes of a particular element vary in the number of ____

A

Neutrons

34
Q

The atomic weight of an element whose atoms contain 8 protons, 8 electrons, and 8 neutrons is____

A

16

35
Q

The atoms of different elements have____

A

Different atomic numbers

36
Q

Which of the following substances is an element?

A

Iron (not compounds)

37
Q

What 4 elements make up 96% of human body weight?

A
  • Oxygen
  • Carbon
  • Hydrogen
  • Nitrogen
38
Q

An atom will form chemical bonds with other atoms to ____

A

Fill its outermost energy level

39
Q

Compounds that conduct electric currents in body fluid are called___

A

Electrolytes

40
Q

A form of an element that differs in its atomic weight from other forms of that element

A

Isotope

41
Q

The basic units of carbohydrates are called _____

A

Monosaccharides

42
Q

The 3 main types of organic compounds found in living things

A
  • carbohydrates
  • Lipids
  • proteins
43
Q

Which of the following are lipids and contain glycerol and 3 fatty acids?

A

Triglycerides

44
Q

Which organic compound is a catalyst for metabolic reactions?

A

Enzyme

45
Q

If an atom does not have enough electrons to fill its outermost energy level, it forms____

A

A chemical bond

46
Q

If electrons transfer from one atom to another it forms a(n) ____

A

Ionic bond

47
Q

If electrons are shared between two atoms, they form _____

A

Covalent bonds

Anatomy (13 decks)

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