Chapter 2: Chemistry

Question 1

A _____ is composed of more than one type of atom

Answer 1

Compound

Question 2

Which element is found in all organic compounds?

Answer 2

Carbon

Question 3

Which substance releases a hydrogen ion when dissolved in water?

Answer 3

Acid

Question 4

The pH scale indicates the ___ of an acid or base

Answer 4

Strength

Question 5

Isotopes give off radiation and are used to ______

Answer 5

• diagnose illness

- treat cancer

Question 6

Matter is composed of elements, which are composed of____

Answer 6

Atoms

Question 7

The atomic number of an atom equals the number of _____

Answer 7

Protons

Question 8

The smallest complete unit of matter

Answer 8

Atom

Question 9

The atomic weight of an atom equals ____

Answer 9

Weight of protons plus neutrons

Question 10

The building blocks of carbohydrates are simple sugars called ____

Answer 10

Monosaccharides

Question 11

A substance composed of only one type of atom

Answer 11

Element

Question 12

Which of the following is not organic

Answer 12

• Lipids
• Cholesterol
• Sodium chloride (@)
• Nucleotide

Question 13

An enzyme is a protein that ___

Answer 13

Increases the speed of chemical reactions

Question 14

An atom’s electrons orbit in these regions about the nucleus

Answer 14

Energy levels

Question 15

Compounds that can release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water are ___

Answer 15

Acids

Question 16

The nucleus of an atom has protons and ____

Answer 16

Neutrons

Question 17

Proteins are the body’s ___ materials

Answer 17

Structural

Question 18

Isotopes that give off radiation are called ____

Answer 18

Radioactive

Question 19

Compounds formed when an acid reacts with a base joined by ionic bonds

Answer 19

Salts

Question 20

DNA and RNA are ____

Answer 20

Nucleotides which transmit genetic traits

Question 21

The parts of an atom include:

Answer 21

• protons
• neutrons
• electrons

Question 22

Lipids are insoluble in water (t/f)

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Lipids include phospholipids, cholesterol , and fats (t:f)

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Carbohydrates contain C, H, and O, and twice as many carbon atoms as oxygen (t/f)

Answer 24

False

Question 25

Carbohydrates include sugars and starches (t/f)

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Nucleotides include ____

Answer 26

RNA and DNA

Question 27

Which substance always has a pH below 7?

Answer 27

An acid

Question 28

Which substance is important in maintaining a relatively constant pH in body fluids?

Answer 28

A Buffer

Question 29

Which substance is termed the universal solvent?

Answer 29

Water

Question 30

Which chemical is not a compound?

Answer 30

O2 (any same elements together are not, compound has 2 different together)

Question 31

Which element makes up the greatest percentage of body weight?

Answer 31

Oxygen

Question 32

The first energy level of an atom can hold a maximum of ____

Answer 32

2 electrons

Question 33

The atoms of isotopes of a particular element vary in the number of ____

Answer 33

Neutrons

Question 34

The atomic weight of an element whose atoms contain 8 protons, 8 electrons, and 8 neutrons is____

Answer 34

16

Question 35

The atoms of different elements have____

Answer 35

Different atomic numbers

Question 36

Which of the following substances is an element?

Answer 36

Iron (not compounds)

Question 37

What 4 elements make up 96% of human body weight?

Answer 37

- Oxygen - Carbon - Hydrogen - Nitrogen

Question 38

An atom will form chemical bonds with other atoms to ____

Answer 38

Fill its outermost energy level

Question 39

Compounds that conduct electric currents in body fluid are called___

Answer 39

Electrolytes

Question 40

A form of an element that differs in its atomic weight from other forms of that element

Answer 40

Isotope

Question 41

The basic units of carbohydrates are called _____

Answer 41

Monosaccharides

Question 42

The 3 main types of organic compounds found in living things

Answer 42

- carbohydrates - Lipids - proteins

Question 43

Which of the following are lipids and contain glycerol and 3 fatty acids?

Answer 43

Triglycerides

Question 44

Which organic compound is a catalyst for metabolic reactions?

Answer 44

Enzyme

Question 45

If an atom does not have enough electrons to fill its outermost energy level, it forms____

Answer 45

A chemical bond

Question 46

If electrons transfer from one atom to another it forms a(n) ____

Answer 46

Ionic bond

Question 47

If electrons are shared between two atoms, they form _____

Answer 47

Covalent bonds