Chapter 2: Chemistry Flashcards
A _____ is composed of more than one type of atom
Compound
Which element is found in all organic compounds?
Carbon
Which substance releases a hydrogen ion when dissolved in water?
Acid
The pH scale indicates the ___ of an acid or base
Strength
Isotopes give off radiation and are used to ______
- diagnose illness
- treat cancer
Matter is composed of elements, which are composed of____
Atoms
The atomic number of an atom equals the number of _____
Protons
The smallest complete unit of matter
Atom
The atomic weight of an atom equals ____
Weight of protons plus neutrons
The building blocks of carbohydrates are simple sugars called ____
Monosaccharides
A substance composed of only one type of atom
Element
Which of the following is not organic
- Lipids
- Cholesterol
- Sodium chloride (@)
- Nucleotide
An enzyme is a protein that ___
Increases the speed of chemical reactions
An atom’s electrons orbit in these regions about the nucleus
Energy levels
Compounds that can release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water are ___
Acids
The nucleus of an atom has protons and ____
Neutrons
Proteins are the body’s ___ materials
Structural
Isotopes that give off radiation are called ____
Radioactive
Compounds formed when an acid reacts with a base joined by ionic bonds
Salts
DNA and RNA are ____
Nucleotides which transmit genetic traits
The parts of an atom include:
- protons
- neutrons
- electrons
Lipids are insoluble in water (t/f)
True
Lipids include phospholipids, cholesterol , and fats (t:f)
True
Carbohydrates contain C, H, and O, and twice as many carbon atoms as oxygen (t/f)
False
Carbohydrates include sugars and starches (t/f)
True
Nucleotides include ____
RNA and DNA
Which substance always has a pH below 7?
An acid
Which substance is important in maintaining a relatively constant pH in body fluids?
A Buffer
Which substance is termed the universal solvent?
Water
Which chemical is not a compound?
O2 (any same elements together are not, compound has 2 different together)
Which element makes up the greatest percentage of body weight?
Oxygen
The first energy level of an atom can hold a maximum of ____
2 electrons
The atoms of isotopes of a particular element vary in the number of ____
Neutrons
The atomic weight of an element whose atoms contain 8 protons, 8 electrons, and 8 neutrons is____
16
The atoms of different elements have____
Different atomic numbers
Which of the following substances is an element?
Iron (not compounds)
What 4 elements make up 96% of human body weight?
- Oxygen
- Carbon
- Hydrogen
- Nitrogen
An atom will form chemical bonds with other atoms to ____
Fill its outermost energy level
Compounds that conduct electric currents in body fluid are called___
Electrolytes
A form of an element that differs in its atomic weight from other forms of that element
Isotope
The basic units of carbohydrates are called _____
Monosaccharides
The 3 main types of organic compounds found in living things
- carbohydrates
- Lipids
- proteins
Which of the following are lipids and contain glycerol and 3 fatty acids?
Triglycerides
Which organic compound is a catalyst for metabolic reactions?
Enzyme
If an atom does not have enough electrons to fill its outermost energy level, it forms____
A chemical bond
If electrons transfer from one atom to another it forms a(n) ____
Ionic bond
If electrons are shared between two atoms, they form _____
Covalent bonds
