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Biology > Chapter 3--> Cell Structure and Functions > Flashcards

Chapter 3--> Cell Structure and Functions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is cell theory?

A

A scientific theory first formulated in the mid-nineteenth century, that organisms are made up of cells, that they are the basic structural/organizational unit of all organisms, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells

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2
Q

What are prokaryotic cells?

A

Single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

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3
Q

What are eukaryotic cells?

A

A nucleus enclosed within the nuclear membrane and form large and complex organisms

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4
Q

What are organelles?

A

Subcellular structure that has one or more specific jobs to perform in the cell

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4
Q

What are organelles?

A

Subcellular structure that has one or more specific jobs to perform in the cell

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5
Q

What are used to look at small cell structures?

A

Microscope

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6
Q

What in the nucleus’ job in the cell

A

The nucleus serves both as the repository of genetic information and as the cell’s control center

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7
Q

What takes place within the nucleus?

A

DNA replication, transcription, and RNA processing

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8
Q

Where does the final stage of gene production take place?

A

The Cytoplasm

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9
Q

What are Ribosomes?

A

A minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins found in large numbers

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10
Q

Where are Ribosomes found?

A

The Cytoplasm

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11
Q

What does ER stand for in the cell?

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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12
Q

What does the ER do?

A

Serves many roles in the cell including calcium storage, protein synthesis and lipid metabolism

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13
Q

What is a rough ER?

A

An extensive organelle composed of greatly convoluted but flattish sealed sacs, which are contiguous with the nuclear membrane

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14
Q

What is a smooth ER?

A

Synthesizes lipids, phospholipids as in plasma membranes, and steroids

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15
Q

What is the Mitochondria?

A

Mitochondria are membrane-bound cell organelles that generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell’s biochemical reactions

16
Q

What are lysosomes?

A

Membrane-enclosed organelles that contain an array of enzymes capable of breaking down all types of biological polymers—proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids

17
Q

What is the golgi apparatus?

A

Responsible for transporting, modifying, and packaging proteins and lipids into vesicles for delivery

18
Q

What is the cell membrane?

A

Biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of all cells from the outside environment

19
Q

What is the cell wall?

A

A rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria

20
Q

What is passive transport?

A

A movement of biochemicals and other atomic or molecular substances across membranes that does not require an input of chemical energy

21
Q

What is diffusion?

A

A physical process that refers to the net movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to one of lower concentration

22
Q

What is osmosis?

A

The net movement of water across a semipermeable membrane

23
Q

What is a semipermeable membrane

A

A type of biological or synthetic, polymeric membrane that will allow certain molecules or ions to pass through it by osmosis

24
Q

How does passive transport work?

A

Substances simply move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, which does not require the input of energy. Concentration gradient, size of the particles that are diffusing, and temperature of the system affect the rate of diffusion

25
Q

What is permeability?

A

The passage of molecules through a biological membrane or a barrier

26
Q

What is selective permeability?

A

Substances cannot cross the barrier indiscriminately

27
Q

What part of the cell have selective permeability?

A

The cell membrane

28
Q

How does selective permeability work?

A

Its ability to differentiate between different types of molecules, only allowing some molecules through while blocking others

29
Q

What are phospholipids?

A

A lipid containing a phosphate group in its molecule

30
Q

What are examples of phospholipids?

A

Phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and sphingomyelin

31
Q

Where are phospholipids found?

A

The plasma membrane

32
Q

What is a concentration gradient?

A

Occurs when the concentration of particles is higher in one area than another

33
Q

How does the concentration gradient work?

A

Occurs when the concentration of particles is higher in one area than another.

Biology (7 decks)

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