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Biology > Chapter 11--> Evolution Of Population > Flashcards

Chapter 11--> Evolution Of Population Flashcards

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1
Q

What does a population share?

A

A common gene pool

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2
Q

What does genetic variation increase?

A

The chances that an individual will survive

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3
Q

What does genetic variation lead to?

A

Phenotype variation

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4
Q

What are Allele Frequencies?

A

Relative frequency of an allele at a particular locus in a population

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5
Q

What is hybridization?

A

The process of an animal or plant breeding with an individual of another species or variety.

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6
Q

How do populations evolve?

A

Variation in populations is determined by the genes present in the population’s gene pool, which may be directly altered by mutation

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7
Q

What is evolution?

A

The process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth

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8
Q

What is microevolution?

A

Evolutionary change within a species or small group of organisms, especially over a short period

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9
Q

What is normal distribution?

A

A type of continuous probability distribution in which most data points cluster toward the middle of the range, while the rest taper off symmetrically toward either extreme

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10
Q

What is directional selection?

A

Individuals with traits on one side of the mean in their population survive better or reproduce more than those on the other

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11
Q

What is stabilizing selection?

A

A type of natural selection in which genetic diversity decreases as the population stabilizes on a particular trait value

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12
Q

What is distruptive selection?

A

A mode of natural selection in which extreme values for a trait are favored over intermediate values

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13
Q

What is gene flow

A

The transfer of genetic material from one population to another

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14
Q

What is genetic drift?

A

The change in the frequency of an existing gene variant in a population due to random chance

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15
Q

Genetic drift is also known as what?

A

The Wright Effect

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16
Q

What is the bottleneck effect?

A

Sharp reduction in the size of a population due to environmental events such as famines, earthquakes, floods, fires, disease, and droughts

17
Q

What is founder effect?

A

The founder effect is the loss of genetic variation that occurs when a new population is established by a very small number of individuals from a larger population

18
Q

What is intrasexual selection?

A

competition between members of the same sex for access to mates

19
Q

What is intersexual selection?

A

Where members of one sex choose members of the opposite sex

20
Q

What is Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium

A

A principle stating that the genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next

21
Q

What is the equation for Hardy Weinberg equilibrium

A

p2+2pq+q2=1

22
Q

What is p2?

A

Dominant homozygous frequency (AA)

23
Q

What is 2pq?

A

Heterozygous frequency (Aa)

24
Q

What is q2?

A

Recessive homozygous frequency (aa)

25
Q

What does Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium predict?

A

The genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors

26
Q

What are the 5 conditions?

A
  1. Very large populations
  2. No emigration or immigration
  3. Random mating
27
Q

What is speciation?

A

The formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution

28
Q

What happens in species inbreed?

A

Their offspring are infertile

29
Q

What is reproductive isolation?

A

Members of diffrent populations can not mate successful

30
Q

What are the types of isolation?

A
  1. Behavioral
  2. Geographic
  3. Temporal
31
Q

What is behavioral isolation?

A

Occurs when mismatches in mating traits prevent mating between two species or populations

32
Q

What is geographic isolation?

A

Mode of speciation that occurs when biological populations become geographically isolated from each other to an extent that prevents or interferes with gene flow

33
Q

What is temporal isolation?

A

When two or more species reproduce at different times

34
Q

What is divergent isolation?

A

Evolutionary pattern in which species sharing a common ancestry become more distinct due to differential selection pressure which gradually leads to speciation over an evolutionary time period

35
Q

What is convergent evolution?

A

When species occupy similar ecological niches and adapt in similar ways in response to similar selective pressures

36
Q

What are the two types of evolution?

A
  1. Divergent Evolution
  2. Convergent Evolution
37
Q

What is extinction?

A

The dying out or extermination of a species

38
Q

What is punctuated equilibrium?

A

The hypothesis that evolutionary development is marked by isolated episodes of rapid speciation between long periods of little or no change

39
Q

What is adaptive radiation?

A

The diversification of a group of organisms into forms filling different ecological niches

Biology (7 decks)

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