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Biology > Chapter 10--> Principle Of Evolution > Flashcards

Chapter 10--> Principle Of Evolution Flashcards

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1
Q

Evolution was a what?

A

Theory

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2
Q

What was the “Early Earth” Hypothasis

A

The idea that the Earth is actually 4.5 Billion years old. Not 6 thousand like the Bible claims

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3
Q

What was Linnaeus contribution as a naturalist?

A

Classification from Kingdom to species

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4
Q

What was Buffon contribution as a naturalist?

A

Species shared ancestors rather than arising speretly

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5
Q

What was E. Darwin contribution as a naturalist?

A

More complex forms devoluoed from less complex forms

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6
Q

What was Lamark contribution as a naturalist?

A

Environmental change leads to use it disuse of a structure

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7
Q

What are the 3 theories of geological change?

A

-Catastrophism
-Gradualism
-Uniformitarianism

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8
Q

What are fossils?

A

Any preserved remains, impression or trace ony once living thing

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9
Q

What are the 3 theories of geological change?

A
  1. Catastrophism
  2. Gradualism
  3. Uniformitarianism
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10
Q

What is Catastrophism?

A

Changes in the earth’s crust during geological history have resulted chiefly from sudden violent and unusual events

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11
Q

What is Gradualism?

A

Evolution proceeds chiefly by the accumulation of gradual changes

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12
Q

What is Uniformitarianism?

A

Changes in the earth’s crust during geological history have resulted from the action of continuous and uniform processes.

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13
Q

What is Evolution?

A

Different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth

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14
Q

What is Adaptation?

A

A change or the process of change by which an organism or species becomes better suited to its environment

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15
Q

On the Galapagos Islands there are different…

A

Species on every island

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16
Q

What did Darwin find high in the Andes mountains?

A

Fossil shells of marine organisms

17
Q

What did Darwin propose as a mechanism for evolution?

A

Natural selection

18
Q

What is Heritability?

A

Quality of a characteristic being transmissible from parent to offspring

19
Q

What is Artificial Selection?

A

Humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits

20
Q

What is Natural Selection?

A

Differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype. It is a key mechanism of evolution, the change in the heritable traits characteristic of a population over generations

21
Q

How are mutations created?

A

Error in DNA replication

22
Q

What do mutations create?

A

New alleles

23
Q

What is Darwin’s book called?

A

The Origin of Species

24
Q

What are the four main principles?

A
  1. Variation
  2. Overproduction
  3. Adaptation
  4. Decent with Modification
25
Q

Why do Galapagos Finches have different beaks?

A

Each island has a unique food source, the birds beaks have a unique shape based on what island they live on

26
Q

What did Darwin notice about the species of Finch?

A

The island species and the mainland species were the same

27
Q

What are Homologous structures?

A

Similarity due to shared ancestry between a pair of structures or genes

28
Q

What is Embryology?

A

The study of embryos and their development

29
Q

What is biogeography?

A

The geographical distribution of plants and animals

30
Q

What are Vestigial Structures?

A

Genetically determined structures or attributes that have lost some or all of the ancestral function in a given species

31
Q

What is Paleontology the study of?

A

Ancient life ex. fossils

32
Q

What is Embryological Evidence?

A

The study of the development of the anatomy of an organism to its adult form

33
Q

What is Molecular Evidence?

A

Comparing the DNA of different organisms it’s possible to document genetic change over time

34
Q

What is a Protein Sequence

A

The practical process of determining the amino acid sequence of all or part of a protein or peptide

35
Q

What are Pseudogenes?

A

Nonfunctional segments of DNA that resemble functional genes. Most arise as superfluous copies of functional genes, either directly by gene duplication or indirectly by reverse transcription of an mRNA transcript

36
Q

What are Homeobox Genes

A

DNA sequence that regulates large scale anatomical features in the early stages of embryotic development

37
Q

Evolution are stages of what?

A

Scientific fields and discoveries

Biology (7 decks)

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