Chapter 10--> Principle Of Evolution Flashcards
Evolution was a what?
Theory
What was the “Early Earth” Hypothasis
The idea that the Earth is actually 4.5 Billion years old. Not 6 thousand like the Bible claims
What was Linnaeus contribution as a naturalist?
Classification from Kingdom to species
What was Buffon contribution as a naturalist?
Species shared ancestors rather than arising speretly
What was E. Darwin contribution as a naturalist?
More complex forms devoluoed from less complex forms
What was Lamark contribution as a naturalist?
Environmental change leads to use it disuse of a structure
What are the 3 theories of geological change?
-Catastrophism
-Gradualism
-Uniformitarianism
What are fossils?
Any preserved remains, impression or trace ony once living thing
What are the 3 theories of geological change?
- Catastrophism
- Gradualism
- Uniformitarianism
What is Catastrophism?
Changes in the earth’s crust during geological history have resulted chiefly from sudden violent and unusual events
What is Gradualism?
Evolution proceeds chiefly by the accumulation of gradual changes
What is Uniformitarianism?
Changes in the earth’s crust during geological history have resulted from the action of continuous and uniform processes.
What is Evolution?
Different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth
What is Adaptation?
A change or the process of change by which an organism or species becomes better suited to its environment
On the Galapagos Islands there are different…
Species on every island
What did Darwin find high in the Andes mountains?
Fossil shells of marine organisms
What did Darwin propose as a mechanism for evolution?
Natural selection
What is Heritability?
Quality of a characteristic being transmissible from parent to offspring
What is Artificial Selection?
Humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits
What is Natural Selection?
Differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype. It is a key mechanism of evolution, the change in the heritable traits characteristic of a population over generations
How are mutations created?
Error in DNA replication
What do mutations create?
New alleles
What is Darwin’s book called?
The Origin of Species
What are the four main principles?
- Variation
- Overproduction
- Adaptation
- Decent with Modification
Why do Galapagos Finches have different beaks?
Each island has a unique food source, the birds beaks have a unique shape based on what island they live on
What did Darwin notice about the species of Finch?
The island species and the mainland species were the same
What are Homologous structures?
Similarity due to shared ancestry between a pair of structures or genes
What is Embryology?
The study of embryos and their development
What is biogeography?
The geographical distribution of plants and animals
What are Vestigial Structures?
Genetically determined structures or attributes that have lost some or all of the ancestral function in a given species
What is Paleontology the study of?
Ancient life ex. fossils
What is Embryological Evidence?
The study of the development of the anatomy of an organism to its adult form
What is Molecular Evidence?
Comparing the DNA of different organisms it’s possible to document genetic change over time
What is a Protein Sequence
The practical process of determining the amino acid sequence of all or part of a protein or peptide
What are Pseudogenes?
Nonfunctional segments of DNA that resemble functional genes. Most arise as superfluous copies of functional genes, either directly by gene duplication or indirectly by reverse transcription of an mRNA transcript
What are Homeobox Genes
DNA sequence that regulates large scale anatomical features in the early stages of embryotic development
Evolution are stages of what?
Scientific fields and discoveries
