Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

A & P > Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

Cell membrane

A

Lipid bilayers

Provides isolation, protection, sensitivity and support; controls ent/exit or materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cytosol

A

Fluid component of cytoplasm;distributes by diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Made up of microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules

Provides stregnth and support; enables movement of cell structures and materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Microvilli

A

Memebrane ext that contain microfilaments

Increase surface area to facilitate absorption of extracellular materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cilia

A

Membrane extensions that contain microtubules

Move materials over surface of cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Flagella

A

Long, whip-like filament that moves cell through fluid

In humans only,found in sperm cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Centrioles

A

Composed of microtubules; cylindrical structure

Essential for movement of chromosones during cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ribosomes

A

RNA+proteins
fixed ribosomes bound to ER
Free ribosomes scattered in cytoplasm

Synthesize proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Proteasomes

A

Cylindrical structures that contain proteases (protein-breaking enzymes)

Break down and recycle damaged or abnormal intracellular proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ER

A

Network of membranous channels that extend throughout the cytoplasm; may be smooth or rough

Synthesizes secretory products; provide (IC) storage and transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Smooth (ER)

A

Lacks attached ribsomes

Synthesize lipids and carbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Rough (ER)

A

Has ribosomes attached to membrane

Packages newly synthesized proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Stacks of flattened memebranes that contain chambers

Stores, alters, packages secretory products

form lysosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Lysosomes

A

Vesicles that contain powerful digestive enzymes

remove damaged organelles or pathogens within cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Contain degradative enzymes

Catabolize fats and other organic compounds; neutralize toxic compounds (hydrogen peroxide) generated in the process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mitochondria

A

Double memebrane with inner folds

95% of ATP produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains DNA, nucleotids, enzymes and proteins

Control metabolism; stores and processes genetic information; controls protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Nucleolus

A

Contains DNA and RNA

Synthesizes RNA and assembles ribosomal subunits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Receptor proteins

A

Sensitive to specific extracellular materials that bind to them and trigger a change in a cell’s activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Channel Proteins

A

Central pore/channel permits water, ions, and other solutes to pypass lipid portion of the cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Carrier proteins

A

Bind and transport solutes across cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Anchoring proteins

A

Attach cell memerane to other structures and stabilize its position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Recognition (identifier) proteins

A

Identify a cell as self or non self, normal or abnormal, to the immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Diffusion

A

Movement of molecules from high to low cocentration of solutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Osmosis
Diffusion of water from low to high solute concentration
26
Filtration
Movement of material through a membrane as a result of hydrostatic pressure
27
Facilitated diffusion
Carrier proteins passively transport solutes down a concentration gradient
28
Active transport
Carrier proteins actively transport solutes regardless of any concentration gradient (uses ATP)
29
Endocytosis
Importing into cell; may be receptor mediated, pino or phagocytosis
30
Receptor mediated endocytosis
Movement of specific molecules inward by vesicles containing protein receptor sites; cell acquires bulk quantities
31
Osmotic pressure
Force of water movement into a given solution as a result of solute concentration "pull" force
32
Hydostatic pressure
Pushing against a fluid; opposes osmotic pressure
33
Histones
Protein molecules around which DNA is tightly coiled
34
Chromatin
Tangle of the fine DNA filaments
35
Protein synthesis
Assembly of protein ribosomes; 2 steps; transcription and translation
36
Transcription
RNA polymerase (COPIES DNA sequence and makes it RNA requence) binds to a gene and promotes synthesis of an mRNA strand; creates sequence complementary to DNA
37
Translation
Synthesis of new proteins using mRNA information; tRNA delivers amino acids
38
Mitosis
Ordinary cell division
39
Meiosis
Sexual cell division
40
Interphase
Time between cell divisions
41
G1 Phase
Interphase where cell grows and performs its normal functions; organelles are duplicated
42
S phase
DNA is replicated in the nucleus (6-8hrs)
43
G2 phase
rapid cell growth; protein synthesis, centriole replication (2-5 hrs)
44
M phase
mitosis; formation of 2 identical nuclei
45
Cytokinesis
Division of the cytoplasm into 2 distinct cells; begins in late anaphase
46
4 stages of mitosis
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
47
Prophase
Chromosomes become visible, nuclear envelope dissolves, spindle forms/attaches to chromatids, pairs of centrioles go to poles
48
Metaphase
Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell along metaphase plate
49
Anaphase
Centromere splits, chromatids seperate, daughter chromosomes go to opposite cells
50
Telophase
Nuclear membranes start to form, chromosomes begin to uncoil, spindle fibers fall apart
51
Centromere
Region of a chromosome where two sister chromatids attach
52
Chromatid
One half of a duplicated chromosome
53
Hemolysis
Rupture of red blood cells
54
Crenation
Shinking of RBCs
55
Isotonic
Concentration of 2 solutions is the same
56
Hypotonic
Solution with lower solute concentration
57
Hypertonic
Solution with high solute concentration
58
Malaria
Most infectious disease; cauzed by protozoa
59
Phospholipid membrane
Allows lipid soluble molecules to cross (O2 and CO2) but not ions and water soluble compounds
60
Concentration gradient
Difference in concentration from one another
61
Intracelluar cation
Potassium (K+)
62
Extracellular cation
Sodium (Na+)
63
Apoptosis
Programmed cell death
64
Crystalloids vs colloids
Both volume expanders Crystalloids- aqueous solutions of mineral salts or other water soluble molecules Colloids- Larger insoluble molecules such as gelatin; blood

A & P (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions