Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization

Question 1

Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization

Chemistry is

Answer 1

the science that looks at the structure of matter.

Question 2

Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization

Matter is

Answer 2

anything that takes up space and has mass

Question 3

Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization

Atoms:

Answer 3

are the smallest stable units of matter

Question 4

Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization

What determines the structure of a given object or being

Answer 4

the way atoms combine and interact

Question 5

Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization

Atoms are composed of _____ that determine the structure of an object

Answer 5

subatomic particles

Question 6

Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization

proton

Answer 6

a unit of energy that carries a positive charge

Question 7

Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization

neutron

Answer 7

are particles that have no electrical charge

Question 8

Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization

electrons

Answer 8

are particles that have a negative charge

Question 9

Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization

mass

Answer 9

the mass of an atom is determined by the amount of protons and neutrons that are present in the nucleus

Question 10

Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization

atomic number

Answer 10

is the number of protons in an atom

Question 11

Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization

Atoms normally contain _________ protons and electrons

Answer 11

equal numbers

Question 12

Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization

Elements

Answer 12

name given to specific group of atoms

Question 13

Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization

How many elements exist naturally

Answer 13

92

Question 14

Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization

how many elements created in labs

Answer 14

25

Question 15

Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization

Trace elements

Answer 15

elements found in body in very small amounts

Question 16

Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization

isotopes

Answer 16

elements whose atoms nuclei contain the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

Question 17

Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization

mass number

Answer 17

is the total number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus used to designate particular isotopes

Question 18

Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization

radioisotopes

Answer 18

isotopes with nuclei that spontaneously emit subatomic particles with radiation in measurable amounts.

Question 19

Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization

Decay

Answer 19

the emission process from radioisotopes

Question 20

Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization

half life

Answer 20

the time required for half of any radioactive isotope to decay

Question 21

Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization

atom weight

Answer 21

the actual mass of an atom

Question 22

Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization

How is atomic weight calculated

Answer 22

by the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atom.

Question 23

Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization

how is atomic weight expresed

Answer 23

Dalton aka atomic mass unit or amu

Question 24

Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization

mole

Answer 24

the atomic weight of an element represented in the unit of grams.

one mole of any element equals the same amount

Question 25

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization the number that is the constant regarding moles is

Answer 25

Avogardo's number It is 6.023 x 10(23) or 600 billion trillion

Question 26

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization the rings (of electrons) that are the closest to the nucleus

Answer 26

are weaker charged particles, as you go further out the charge becomes greater

Question 27

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization the outer ring or shell gives the element its

Answer 27

properties

Question 28

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization if the outer ring has room for more electrons it is considered

Answer 28

unstable and likely to interact with other elements that have available space for electrons

Question 29

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization inert elements

Answer 29

are those that have all the outer shell full of electrons and therefore cannot interact with other elements.

Question 30

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization elements with available space are

Answer 30

reactive

Question 31

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization elements _______ electrons to achieve a stable state

Answer 31

share

Question 32

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization chemical bonding

Answer 32

sharing of electrons

Question 33

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization how many types of chemical bonds

Answer 33

3 | ionic, covalent, and hydrogen

Question 34

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization molecule

Answer 34

any chemical structure that is held together by a covalent bond

Question 35

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization compound

Answer 35

any chemical structure that contains two or more elements

Question 36

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization cations

Answer 36

positive charged atoms

Question 37

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization anions

Answer 37

negatively charged particles

Question 38

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization ionic bonds

Answer 38

chemical bond between cations and anions

Question 39

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization ions have _______ of protons and electrons

Answer 39

unequal number

Question 40

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization ionic bonds are formed by

Answer 40

the losing or gaining of an electron between two atoms

Question 41

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization covalent bond

Answer 41

occurs when two or more atoms share eletrons to form compounds

Question 42

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization how many typs of covalent bonds

Answer 42

2 | polar and non polar

Question 43

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization non polar covalent bonds are

Answer 43

stable

Question 44

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization hydrogen bonds

Answer 44

weak bonds | attraction betwenn the + hydrogen on one atom and the - charge on oxygen or nitrogen with polar covalent bonds

Question 45

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization matter exists in how many states

Answer 45

3

Question 46

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization what are the states of matter

Answer 46

gas,solid, liquid

Question 47

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization molecular weight

Answer 47

sum of the weights of all the component atoms in the molecule

Question 48

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization kinetic energy

Answer 48

the energy of motion or energy that is doing work

Question 49

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization potential energy

Answer 49

energy that has the potential to do work or "stored" energy

Question 50

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization heat

Answer 50

is an increase in random molecular motion

Question 51

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization three types of energy reacions

Answer 51

decomposition synthesis exchange reaction

Question 52

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization decomposition

Answer 52

break does a molecule into smaller fragments

Question 53

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization catabolism

Answer 53

decomposition of cells when covalent bonds are involved

Question 54

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization covalent bonds are a form of what energy

Answer 54

potential

Question 55

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization synthesis

Answer 55

reaction that assembles larger molecules from smaller components. Synthesis always involves the formation of new bonds

Question 56

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization anabolism

Answer 56

the synthesis of new compounds. catabolic reactions provide the energy needed for anabolic reactions to occur

Question 57

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization exchange reaction

Answer 57

shuffling around of parts of the molecules to form a new compound

Question 58

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization reversible reaction

Answer 58

is the converting back and forth of products and formed compounds. equilibrium

Question 59

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization enzymes

Answer 59

are coumounds that promote chemical reactions within the cells

Question 60

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization nutrients

Answer 60

essential elements an molecules normally obtained from the diet

Question 61

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization metabolites

Answer 61

molecules that are synthesized or broken down in the body

Question 62

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization what is most important compound in our body

Answer 62

water

Question 63

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization properties of water

Answer 63

solubility reactivity high heat capacity lubrication

Question 64

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization hydrophobic

Answer 64

water fearing

Question 65

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization hydrophilic

Answer 65

water loving

Question 66

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization hydrophilic compounds usually have

Answer 66

polar covalent bonds

Question 67

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization solute concentration

Answer 67

is the amount of substance present in a specific volume of solvent

Question 68

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization ph

Answer 68

the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution classified as neutral, acidic, or basci

Question 69

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization salt is

Answer 69

electrolyte whose cation is not hydrogen and its anion is not hydroxide

Question 70

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization organic compounds

Answer 70

are compounds that contain carbon

Question 71

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization what are the building blocks of life

Answer 71

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen

Question 72

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization organic compounds in body:

Answer 72

carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic acids

Question 73

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization what is a major source of energy in the body

Answer 73

carbohydrates

Question 74

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization what are the forms of carbs in body

Answer 74

monosaccharides disaccharides polysaccarides

Question 75

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization what are simple sugars

Answer 75

monosaccharides

Question 76

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization what is the most important sugar for the body

Answer 76

glucose

Question 77

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization what is an example of polysaccharieds the long chain carbohydrate

Answer 77

starch

Question 78

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization what is a polysaccharide from plants that the human body cannot break down

Answer 78

cellulose

Question 79

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization lipids are

Answer 79

fats, waxes, and oils

Question 80

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization lipids serve as

Answer 80

reserve source of energy

Question 81

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization fat acids are long chain carbons with hydrogen atoms attached. One end always has a _____ group. The other end is call the _______

Answer 81

carboxyl | hydrocarbon tail

Question 82

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization In water the carboxyl end will associate with ________. And the hydrocarbon tail is _________

Answer 82

water | hydrophobic

Question 83

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization classes of lipids

Answer 83

``` eicosanoids glycerides steroids phospholipids clycolipids ```

Question 84

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization what is the most abundant organic compound in the body

Answer 84

protein

Question 85

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization what do all proteins contain

Answer 85

carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen

Question 86

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization what do proteins do

Answer 86

support of cell and tissues in the body regulatroy effect on ph of cells/tissues metabolic regulation coordinatoin and control

Question 87

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization proteins are made of long chains of

Answer 87

amino acids

Question 88

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization contractcile proteins

Answer 88

muscle contractions

Question 89

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization transport proteins

Answer 89

carry substances in teh blood, or from cell to cell

Question 90

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization protein hormones

Answer 90

influence the metabolic activity of cells

Question 91

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization proteins provide defense in the form

Answer 91

antibodies and protective coverings

Question 92

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization typical protein contains

Answer 92

1000 amino acids

Question 93

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization there are how many common amino acids

Answer 93

20

Question 94

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization two amino acids can be linked together by

Answer 94

peptide bond

Question 95

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization substrates

Answer 95

are the reactants that are involved in enzymatic reactions

Question 96

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization all enzymes share 3 characteristics

Answer 96

catalyzes one type of reaction, saturation limits, regulation

Question 97

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization saturation limits

Answer 97

the amount of substrate required to have the maximum rate of reaction

Question 98

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization regulation

Answer 98

the ability of the enzyme to be turned on or off

Question 99

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization coenzymes are

Answer 99

non protein organic molecules that function as cofactors

Question 100

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization nucleic acids

Answer 100

are large organic molecules that are made of carbon, hydron, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus

Question 101

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization nucleic acids store

Answer 101

info within the cell

Question 102

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization two kinds of nucleic acids

Answer 102

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Question 103

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization DNA is

Answer 103

the genetic material of our bodies and it determines our makeup

Question 104

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization RNA functions is

Answer 104

the building of specific proteins

Question 105

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization 3 types of RNA

Answer 105

messenger mRNA transfer tTNA ribosomal rRNA

Question 106

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization RNA and DNA have how many strands

Answer 106

single | double

Question 107

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization the amino acids bonds in DNA (base pairs)

Answer 107

adenine - thymine | cytosine - guanine

Question 108

# Chapter 2 - The Chemical Level of Organization Adenosinetriphosphate (ATP) is

Answer 108

the high energy compaund for cells. ATP drives cellular functions.