Chapter 1

Question 1

Levels of Structural Organization in the Body

Answer 1

Chemical level - Cellular Level - Tissue Level - Organ Level - System Level - Organismal Level

Question 2

What are the 11 systems of the human body

Answer 2

integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic/immune, respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive

Question 3

Components: Integumentary System

Answer 3

Skin, (hair, sweat and oil glands)

Question 4

Components: Skeletal System

Answer 4

Bones, joints, cartilage

Question 5

Components: Muscular System

Answer 5

skeletal, smooth, cardiac muscle

Question 6

Components: Nervous System

Answer 6

brain, spinal cord, nerves and special sense organs

Question 7

Components: Endocrine System

Answer 7

Hormone producing glands and hormone producing cells in organs

Question 8

Components: Cardiovascular sysem

Answer 8

Blood, heart and blood vessels

Question 9

Components: Lymphatic System

Answer 9

Lymphatic fluid, lymphatic vessels, splein, thymus, lymph nodes, tonsils,
B, T and other immune response cells

Question 10

Components: Respiratory System

Answer 10

Lungs, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes

Question 11

Components: Digestive System

Answer 11

gastrointestinal tract (from mouth to anus) and its accessory organs (salivary glands, liver, gallbladder and pancreas)

Question 12

Components: Urinary System

Answer 12

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

Question 13

Components: Reproductive Systems

Answer 13

Gonads: testes and ovaries, accessory organs ex: vagina/penis, uterine tubes/seminal glands)

Question 14

Homeostasis

Answer 14

condition of equilibrium in the body’s internal environment

Question 15

Describe the anatomical position

Answer 15

Person stands erect facing the observer. Palms of the hands are turned forward and the feet are flat on the floor

Question 16

Prone

Answer 16

Body lying facedown

Question 17

Supine

Answer 17

Body lying faceup

Question 18

Superior

Answer 18

Toward the head or upper part of a structure

Question 19

Inferior

Answer 19

Away from the head or the lower part of a structure

Question 20

Anterior

Answer 20

Nearer to or at the front of the body

Question 21

Posterior

Answer 21

Nearer to or at the back of the body

Question 22

Medial

Answer 22

Nearer to the midline

Question 23

Lateral

Answer 23

farther from the midline

Question 24

Intermediate

Answer 24

Between two structures

Question 25

Ipsilateral

Answer 25

On the same side of the body as another structure

Question 26

Contralateral

Answer 26

On the opposite side of the body from another structure

Question 27

Proximal

Answer 27

Nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk

Question 28

Distal

Answer 28

Farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk

Question 29

Superficial

Answer 29

Toward the surface of the body

Question 30

Deep

Answer 30

Away from the surface of the body

Question 31

Median Plane

Answer 31

passes through the midline

Question 32

Paramedian plane

Answer 32

does not pass through the midline

Question 33

transverse plane

Answer 33

perpendicular to the body

Question 34

coronal plane

Answer 34

cross section through the top of the body

Question 35

4 main body cavities

Answer 35

Cranial, Vertebral, Thoracic, Abdominopelvic

Question 36

Cranial Cavity

Answer 36

formed by cranial bones and contains the brain

Question 37

Verterbral Canal

Answer 37

formed by the vertebral column, contains the spinal cord

Question 38

Thoracic cavity

Answer 38

contains the pleural (lungs) and paracardial (heart) cavities and the mediastinum

Question 39

mediastinum

Answer 39

central portion of the thoracic cavity between the lungs containing the heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea

Question 40

Serous membranes

Answer 40

thin, double layered membranes that cover the viscera within the thoracic and abdominal cavities. Reduce friction

Question 41

Serous membranes in the thoracic cavity

Answer 41

pericardium and pleura

Question 42

serous membranes in the abdominal cavity

Answer 42

peritoneum

Question 43

Retroperitoneal

Answer 43

classification some organs are given that are not surrounded by the peritoneum. They are posterior to it

Question 44

The abdominal cavity is divided up how?

Answer 44

into 4 quadrants

Question 45

Radiography

Answer 45

x-rays: image of interior structures that is two dimensional

Question 46

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Answer 46

body is exposed to a high energy magnetic field causing protons in fluids and tissues to align with the field. Image is a 2d or 3d blueprint of cellular chemistry

Question 47

Computed Tomography (CT)

Answer 47

x-ray beam traces an arc at multiple angles resulting in a transverse section of the body

Question 48

MRI Uses

Answer 48

shows fine detail in soft tissues. Most useful for differentiating between normal and abnormal tissues

Question 49

CT Scan Uses

Answer 49

Visualizes soft tissues, multiple images can be assembled to build 3 dimensional views of structures

Question 50

Ultrasound

Answer 50

high frequency waves reflect off of body tissues, the image can be still or moving

Question 51

Coronary computed tomography angiography: CTTA Scan

Answer 51

iodine contrast injected into viens, multiple x- ray beams create a 3d image of the blood vessels

Question 52

Positron Emission Tomography: PET Scan

Answer 52

positive ions injected into the body react with negative to produce gamma rays. Gamma cameras from an image used to study the physiology of certain structures

Question 53

Endoscopy

Answer 53

visual examination of the inside of the body using a camera

Question 54

Radionuclide Scanning

Answer 54

radioactive substance injected into the body produces gamma rays. Used to study the activity of a tissue or organ