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A & P > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Levels of Structural Organization in the Body

A

Chemical level - Cellular Level - Tissue Level - Organ Level - System Level - Organismal Level

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2
Q

What are the 11 systems of the human body

A

integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic/immune, respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive

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3
Q

Components: Integumentary System

A

Skin, (hair, sweat and oil glands)

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4
Q

Components: Skeletal System

A

Bones, joints, cartilage

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5
Q

Components: Muscular System

A

skeletal, smooth, cardiac muscle

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6
Q

Components: Nervous System

A

brain, spinal cord, nerves and special sense organs

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7
Q

Components: Endocrine System

A

Hormone producing glands and hormone producing cells in organs

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8
Q

Components: Cardiovascular sysem

A

Blood, heart and blood vessels

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9
Q

Components: Lymphatic System

A

Lymphatic fluid, lymphatic vessels, splein, thymus, lymph nodes, tonsils,
B, T and other immune response cells

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10
Q

Components: Respiratory System

A

Lungs, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes

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11
Q

Components: Digestive System

A

gastrointestinal tract (from mouth to anus) and its accessory organs (salivary glands, liver, gallbladder and pancreas)

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12
Q

Components: Urinary System

A

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

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13
Q

Components: Reproductive Systems

A

Gonads: testes and ovaries, accessory organs ex: vagina/penis, uterine tubes/seminal glands)

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14
Q

Homeostasis

A

condition of equilibrium in the body’s internal environment

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15
Q

Describe the anatomical position

A

Person stands erect facing the observer. Palms of the hands are turned forward and the feet are flat on the floor

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16
Q

Prone

A

Body lying facedown

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17
Q

Supine

A

Body lying faceup

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18
Q

Superior

A

Toward the head or upper part of a structure

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19
Q

Inferior

A

Away from the head or the lower part of a structure

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20
Q

Anterior

A

Nearer to or at the front of the body

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21
Q

Posterior

A

Nearer to or at the back of the body

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22
Q

Medial

A

Nearer to the midline

23
Q

Lateral

A

farther from the midline

24
Q

Intermediate

A

Between two structures

25
Q

Ipsilateral

A

On the same side of the body as another structure

26
Q

Contralateral

A

On the opposite side of the body from another structure

27
Q

Proximal

A

Nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk

28
Q

Distal

A

Farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk

29
Q

Superficial

A

Toward the surface of the body

30
Q

Deep

A

Away from the surface of the body

31
Q

Median Plane

A

passes through the midline

32
Q

Paramedian plane

A

does not pass through the midline

33
Q

transverse plane

A

perpendicular to the body

34
Q

coronal plane

A

cross section through the top of the body

35
Q

4 main body cavities

A

Cranial, Vertebral, Thoracic, Abdominopelvic

36
Q

Cranial Cavity

A

formed by cranial bones and contains the brain

37
Q

Verterbral Canal

A

formed by the vertebral column, contains the spinal cord

38
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

contains the pleural (lungs) and paracardial (heart) cavities and the mediastinum

39
Q

mediastinum

A

central portion of the thoracic cavity between the lungs containing the heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea

40
Q

Serous membranes

A

thin, double layered membranes that cover the viscera within the thoracic and abdominal cavities. Reduce friction

41
Q

Serous membranes in the thoracic cavity

A

pericardium and pleura

42
Q

serous membranes in the abdominal cavity

A

peritoneum

43
Q

Retroperitoneal

A

classification some organs are given that are not surrounded by the peritoneum. They are posterior to it

44
Q

The abdominal cavity is divided up how?

A

into 4 quadrants

45
Q

Radiography

A

x-rays: image of interior structures that is two dimensional

46
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

A

body is exposed to a high energy magnetic field causing protons in fluids and tissues to align with the field. Image is a 2d or 3d blueprint of cellular chemistry

47
Q

Computed Tomography (CT)

A

x-ray beam traces an arc at multiple angles resulting in a transverse section of the body

48
Q

MRI Uses

A

shows fine detail in soft tissues. Most useful for differentiating between normal and abnormal tissues

49
Q

CT Scan Uses

A

Visualizes soft tissues, multiple images can be assembled to build 3 dimensional views of structures

50
Q

Ultrasound

A

high frequency waves reflect off of body tissues, the image can be still or moving

51
Q

Coronary computed tomography angiography: CTTA Scan

A

iodine contrast injected into viens, multiple x- ray beams create a 3d image of the blood vessels

52
Q

Positron Emission Tomography: PET Scan

A

positive ions injected into the body react with negative to produce gamma rays. Gamma cameras from an image used to study the physiology of certain structures

53
Q

Endoscopy

A

visual examination of the inside of the body using a camera

54
Q

Radionuclide Scanning

A

radioactive substance injected into the body produces gamma rays. Used to study the activity of a tissue or organ

A & P (5 decks)

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