Chapter 3: Cell Processes

Question 1

organic compound

Answer 1

most compounds that contain carbon (ex: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acid)

Question 2

enzyme

Answer 2

specific proteins that regulate almost all chemical reactions in cells without being changed themselves

Question 3

inorganic compound

Answer 3

most compounds made from elements other than carbon (ex: water)

Question 4

diffusion

Answer 4

movement of molecules from areas where there are more of them to areas where there are fewer of them

Question 5

equilibrium

Answer 5

state in which the molecules of a substance are evenly distributed throughout another substance

Question 6

osmosis

Answer 6

diffusion of water through a cell membrane

Question 7

passive transport

Answer 7

movement of substances through a cell membrane without the use of cellular energy

Question 8

active transport

Answer 8

energy-requiring movement of substances through a cell membrane

Question 9

endocytosis

Answer 9

process in which substances too large to cross the cell membrane enter the cell

Question 10

exocytosis

Answer 10

process in which large particles leave the cell

Question 11

metabolism

Answer 11

total of all chemical reactions in a living thing

Question 12

producer

Answer 12

organism (such as a green plant) that makes its own food

Question 13

consumer

Answer 13

organism that can’t make its own food

Question 14

fermentation

Answer 14

form of respiration without oxygen