Chapter 2: The Structure of Organisms Flashcards
compound light microscope
magnified by allowing light to pass through an object and then through two or more lenses
electron microscope
bends beams of electrons in a magnetic field and can magnify images up to one million times more
cell theory
major theory based on observations and conclusions by many scientists, states that the cell is the basic unit of life, organisms are composed of one or more cells, an all cells come from other cells
cell membrane
structure that allows only certain things to pass in and out of the cell and forms the outer boundary of the cell
nucleus
eukaryotic organelle that directs all the activities of the cell and is surrounded by a double membrane
chromatin
long strands of hereditary material within the cell nucleus that are made up of proteins and DNA
cytoplasm
constantly moving, gelatin-like mixture inside the cell membrane contains structures that carry out life processes of the cell
organelle
structure within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell having a specific function or functions
endoplasmic reticulum
complex series of folded membranes in the cell cytoplasm that is involved in moving cellular products
ribosome
small, two-part organelles on which cells make their own proteins
Golgi body
stacks of membrane-covered sacs that package materials and move them to the outside of the cell
mitochondria
eukaryotic cell organelles where food molecules are broken down and energy is released
lysosome
eukaryotic cell organelle that contains digestive chemicals that break down food molecules, cell wastes, and worn-out cell parts
cell wall
rigid structure that supports and protects the plant cell and is made mostly of bundles of cellulose fibers
chloroplast
green, chlorophyll-containing organelle in the cytoplasm of many plant cells, where plants make their own food
