Chapter 3 Cardiorespiratory System Final

Question 1

What is the system of the body composed of two closely related systems that work together to provide the body with adequate oxygen and nutrients and to remove waste products such as CO2 from cells in the body.

Answer 1

Cardiorespiratory System

Question 2

What is the system of the body composed of the heart, blood, and blood vessels that transport the blood from the heart to the tissues of the body.

Answer 2

What is the Cardiovascular System?

Question 3

What is the hollow muscular organ that pumps a circulation of blood through the body by means of rhythmic contraction.

Answer 3

the heart

Question 4

What 2 things do both cardiac and skeletal muscle contain?

Which of those two are longer?

Which has irregularly spaced dark bands between cells called intercalated discs, built-in conduction system that sends electrical

Answer 4

Both contain myofibrils and sarcomeres aligned side by side (gives striated appearance)

• Cardiac Muscle: Involuntary, muscle fibers are shorter than Skeletal Muscles,
• Skeletal Muscle: Voluntary, muscle fibers are longer than Cardiac

Question 5

A specialized area of cardiac tissue, located in the right atrium of the heart, which initiates the electrical impulses that determine the heart rate; often termed the pacemaker for the heart.

Answer 5

Sinoatrial (SA) Node

Question 6

Where are the Atria?

What do they do?

Describe right versus left functions.

Answer 6

• Top of the heart
• Collects blood returning to the heart
• Right Atrium: deoxygenated from the entire body
• Left Atrium: oxygenated from the lungs.

Question 7

What are Ventricles?

Where are the located?

Describe Right vs. Left functions.

Answer 7

• Pumps blood out of the lungs or body
• Bottom side of the heart
• Right Ventricle: Pumps blood to the lungs from the right atrium
• Left Ventricle: Pumps blood to the rest of the body from the left atrium

Question 8

What is the path of blood travels through in relation to the heart?

Answer 8

Oxygenated blood, red, travels from the lungs to the left atrium (top Left). It then fills the left ventricle (bottom) before being pushed out to the body.

Deoxygenated blood, blue, returns to the heart from various body segments through the right atrium (top right). From the right atrium the blood travels through the right ventricle and out to the lungs to be be saturated with oxygen.

Question 9

What is Stroke Volume?

What is the average volume?

Answer 9

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction.

77 milliliters

Question 10

What is the Heart Rate (HR) and what is the average for an adult?

Answer 10

The rate at which the heart pumps.

70-80 beats per minute

Question 11

What is Cardiac Output?

What is the formula?

Answer 11

-The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute (mL blood/min).

Formula: Heart Rate (HR) x Stroke Volume (SV)

Example: 70bmp (HR) x 70mL/beat (stroke volume) = 4,900mL/min (4.9L/min)

Question 12

What are the 3 functions of blood?

Answer 12

TRANSPORTS: 1. carries nutrients, hormones, and oxygen to the body, 2. Removes waste products

REGULATES body temperature, fights infections

PROTECTS 1. from bleeding by clotting
2, with immune cells to fight disease

Question 13

Network of hollow tubes that circulates blood throughout the body.

Answer 13

Blood Vessels

Question 14

What are the names of the blood vessels in the order in which they travel?

Answer 14

1. Arteries
2. Arterioles
3. Capillaries
4. Venules
5. Veins

Question 15

What is a system of organs (the lungs and respiratory passageways) that collects oxygen from the external environment and transports it to the bloodstream.

Answer 15

Respiratory System (Pulmonary System)

Question 16

What are the two phases of breathing (ventilation)?

Answer 16

1. Inspiration (or inhalation)

2. Expiration (or exhalation)

Question 17

What is Inspiration? How is intrapulmonary pressure affected? Is it active or passive? What muscles are used for normal resting quiet breathing versus heavy, deep forced breathing? Which type of breathing is related to the primary respiratory muscles versus secondary respiratory muscles?

Answer 17

The process of actively contracting the inspiratory muscles to move air into the body (inhalation).
Interpulmonary pressure decreases below that of atmospheric pressure
Normal breathing uses primary respiratory muscles: diaphragm external intercostals
Heavy breathing uses secondary respiratory muscles: scalenes pectoralis minor

Question 18

What is Expiration? How is intrapulmonary pressure affected? Is it active or passive? What muscles are used?

Answer 18

The process of actively or passively relaxing the inspiratory muscles to move air out of the body (exhalation).
Intrapulmonary pressure increases
It is active or passive
Internal intercostals and abdominals

Question 19

What is Maximal Oxygen Consumption (V02max) and what is it used for? How is it determined? What can its values range from?

Answer 19

• The highest rate of oxygen transport and utilization during maximal exercise.
• used for measuring cardiorespiratory Fitness
• Only way to determine is to directly measure ventilation, oxygen consumption, and carbon dioxide production during maximal exercise test.
• V02max values can range anywhere from 40 to 80mL/(kg min), or approximately 11 to 23 METs.

Question 20

What does Vo2 stand for?

Answer 20

Volume of Oxygen consumption

Question 21

How much is one MET? What does MET stand for? What does MET mean?

Answer 21

1 MET = 3.5 mL Oxygen/kg body weight/min
MET: Metabolic equivalent
One MET is resting Vo2 (Oxygen consumption)

Question 22

At rest how many mL of O2 do we consume per kilogram of body weight per minute?

Answer 22

3.5mL

Question 23

What is Systolic blood pressure?

What is a healthy range?

Answer 23

Pressure within the arteries after the heart contracts.

<120 mm Hg

Question 24

What is Diastolic blood pressure?

What is a healthy range?

Answer 24

Pressure within the arteries when the heart is resting and filling with blood.

<80 mm Hg