Chapter 3 Building Construction Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Building Construction

A
Type 1- Fire-resistive
Type 2- Noncombustible or limited combustible
Type 3- Ordinary
Type 4- Heavy Timber
Type 5- Wood Frame
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2
Q

Type 1

A

Fire Resistive
Provides structural integrity during a fire

  • Structural members, including walls, columns, beams, floors & Roofs made of noncombustible or limited combustible materials.
  • Fire-resitive compartmentation provided by partitions & floors tend to retard the spread of fire.
  • Primary Hazard “Contents”
  • FF can launch an interior attack with confidence
  • Fire can spread by opening in partitions & improperly designed heating & cooling systems.
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3
Q

Type 2

A

Noncombustible or limited combustible

Similar to type 1. Degree of fire resistance is lower.

  • Fire resistance ration on all parts of structure (exterior & interior load bearing walls, building materials.
  • No fire resistance rating such as wood “can be used in limited quantities”
  • Primary concerns, contents of building, Heat can cause structural supports to fail, Type of roof “Flat built-up roofs. Felts, insulation & tar
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4
Q

Type 3

A

Ordinary
-Exterior walls & structural members constructed of noncombustible or limited combustible materials.

  • Interior members (Walls, Columns, Beams, Floors & Roofs are completely or partially wood.)
  • Primary concern- Fire and Smoke spreading through concealed spaces.
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5
Q

Type 4

A

Heavy Timber
- Exterior & Interior walls & their associated structural members made of noncombustible or limited combustible materials.

-Other Interior structural members, including, Beams, Columns, Arches, Floors & Roofs, are made of solid or laminated wood with no concealed spaces.
(Old factories, Mills, Warehouses, Churches)

*Primary Hazard= Massive amounts of combustible contents, Tremendous amounts of Heat & Exposure protection problems.

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6
Q

Type 5

A

Wood Frame
-Exterior walls, bearing walls, floors, roofs & supports made completely or partially of wood or other approved materials.

  • Commonly typical single-family residence
  • Unlimited potential for fire extension with building of origin & to nearby structures

-FF must be alert for fire coming from doors & windows extending to the exterior of the structure.

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7
Q

Load Bearing Wall

A

Walls that take loads (Party walls)

Most exterior walls are load bearing walls

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8
Q

Party Wall

A

A load bearing wall that supports two adjacent structures.

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9
Q

Partition Wall

A

Divides two areas within a structure and is a non-load bearing wall

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10
Q

Wood

A

Reaction of wood to fire conditions depends on two factors

  • Size of Wood
  • Moisture content ( Green Wood)
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11
Q

Masonry

A

Bricks, Stones, Concrete ( Minimally affected by fire & Exposure to high temps)

  • Commonly used for Fire Wall assemblies
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12
Q

Cantilever Wall

A

Free standing fire walls commonly found on large churches & shopping centers

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13
Q

Block Wall

A

May be load-bearing walls

Most Brick and stones walls are Veneer walls

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14
Q

Veneer Wall

A

Decorative & usually attached to the outside of some type of load-bearing frame structure.

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15
Q

Bricks
Stones
Blocks

A
  • Rarely show any signs of floss of integrity or serious deterioration
  • May Spall or lose small portions of their surface when heated
  • May Crack but usually retain most strength & basic structural stability
  • Motor between bricks, blocks, & stone are subject to more deterioration
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16
Q

Cast Iron

A

Rarely used in modern construction

*Primary Concern is stand pipe bolts or other connections can fail

17
Q

Steel

A

Primary material used for structural supports in modern buildings.

  • Elongate when heated (50’ beams may elongate as much as 4” @ 1000 degrees)
  • If restrained @ ends it buckles & fails somewhere in middle.
18
Q

Reinforced Concrete

A

Internally fortified with steel reinforcement bars or mesh.

  • Doesn’t perform particularly well under fire conditions. Loses strength & Spalls
19
Q

Gypsum

A

Inorganic product from which Plaster & Plasterboards are made

  • High water content
  • Provides insulation to steel & wood
20
Q

Glass/Fiberglass

A
  • Wire-reinforced glass has some thermal protection

- Typically used for insulation purposes

21
Q

Two primary types of dangerous conditions that may be posed by a particular building

A
  • Conditions that contribute to the spread & Intensity of the fire
  • Conditions that make the building susceptible to collapse
22
Q

Fire Load

A

Maximum heat that can be produced if all the combustible materials in a given area burn.

23
Q

Heavy Fire Loading

A

Large amounts of combustible materials in an area of a building.

  • Most critical hazard in commercial & storage facilites can quickly override sprinkler systems.
24
Q

Collapse zone

A

One and a half times the height of the building

25
Q

Lightweight & Truss Construction Hazards

A

Two most common
Usually fail in 5-10 minutes

-Lightweight metal steel bar bent at 90 degree with flat or angulated welded to top and bottom
/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\

  • Lightweight wood 2x3 or 2x4 connected by gussets.
26
Q

Gusset Plates

A

Small metal plates (18 to 22 gage) with prongs that connect into wood 3/4”

27
Q

Bow String Tusses

A

Building with large openings (car dealerships, Bowling alleys, Factories & Supermarkets)

28
Q

Trusses are designed to work as a integral unti

A
  • Some are in tension (Vertical & Horizontal stresses that tend to pull things apart)
  • Some are in Compression ( Vertical & Horizontal stresses that tend to press things together.)
29
Q

Construction, Renovation & Demolition

A
  • Additional fire load & ignition sources( Open flames, Torches, Grinding, Cutting) by contractors
  • Subject to rapid fire spread while partially completed, lack of doors and widows spread fire
  • Arson, Poor house keeping prevents egress.