Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

FIRE IFSTA > Chapter 2 Fire Behavior > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Fire Behavior Flashcards

1
Q

Fire

A

A chemical reaction that requires Fuel, Oxygen, & Heat to occur.

A rapid chemical reaction that gives off energy & products of combustion that are very different in composition from the fuel & oxygen that combined to produce them.

Rapid self-sustaining oxidization process accompanied by the evolution of heat & light of varying intensities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Physical Science

A

Study of the physical world around us and includes the sciences of chemistry & physics and the law related to matter & energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The U.S. uses the English or Customary unit

A

Other use the Metric or International systems of units (SI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Weight

A

The measurement of the gravitational attraction on a specific mass (customary unit LB’s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Energy

A

The capacity to perform work.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Work

A

Transformation of energy from on form to another

(When a force is applied to an object over a distance)

(CU=”Ft lb”) (SI= “Joule”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Joule

A

Unit based on a force in expressed Newtons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Types of Energy

A 
Chemical
Mechanical
Electrical
Heat
Light
Nuclear
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Chemical Energy

A

Energy released as a result of a chemical reaction

FIRE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mechanical Energy

A

Energy a object in motion possesses

Rolling Rock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Electrical Energy

A

Developed when electrons flow through a conductor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Heat Energy

A

Transferred between two bodies of differing temperatures.
(Sun & Earth)
Most common on earth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Light Energy

A

Visible radiation produced at the atomic level such as flame produced during the combustion reaction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nuclear Energy

A

Energy released when atoms split(Fission) or Join (Fusion).

Nuclear power plants generate power as a result of fission of uranium-235.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Fission

A

Atoms split

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fusion

A

Atoms join together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Energy exists in two states

A

Kinetic-energy possessed by a object in motion

Potential- Energy possessed by an object that can be released in future. (rock on cliff)

In fire, Fuel is potential chemical energy, as it burns its converted to kinetic energy in the form of heat and light.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

Energy possessed by a object in motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Potential Energy

A

Energy possessed by an object that can be released.

“Rock on a cliff”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Power

A

Amount of energy delivered over a given period of time.

CU=”HP”) (SI=”WATTS”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Calorie

A

Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 Gram of water 1 degree Celsius.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

BTU

A

Amount of heat required to raise 1 Lb of water 1 degree Fahrenheit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Mechanical equivalent of heat.

A

Relationship between the calorie and Joule

1 Calorie= 4.187 Joules
1 BTU= 1,055 Joules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Heat can be transferred from one body to another by 3 mechanisms

A

Conduction
Convection
Radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Conduction
Point to point contact *Heat transferred early in the development of all fires is almost entirely due to conduction
26
Convection
Transfer of heat energy by the movement of heated liquid of gases * When fire grows
27
Radiation
Transmission of energy as a electromagnetic wave. (Light & Radio waves, X-rays) Travels in a straight line at the speed of light. Energy travels @ a speed of light from the sun through space"Vacuum" & warms the earth * Cause of most exposure fires
28
Matter
Anything that occupies space and has mass Physical appearance/Properties (Mass,Size,Volume) Physical State (Solid, Liquid, Gas, Color, Smell)
29
Physical appearance/Properties of matter
Mass Size Volume
30
Physical State of matter
``` Solid Liquid Gas Color Smell ```
31
H2O
32F Liquid Sea level atmospheric pressure is defined as 760 mm of mercury on a barometer Specific gravity of 1
32
Density
Measure of how tightly the molecules of a solid substance are packed together (Mass/Volume) (SI=KG/M^3) (CU=LB/FT^3)
33
Specific Gravity
Ratio of the mass of a given volume of liquid compared with mass of an equal volume of water. H2O Specific gravity of 1. Less than 1 are lighter than water. "FlOAT" Greater than 1 are heavier than water. "SINK"
34
Vapor Density
Density of a gas or vapor in relation to air Less than 1 will "RISE" Greater than 1 will "FALL"
35
Chemical Reaction
Whenever matter is transformed from one state to another or a new substance is produced Simplest of these reactions occurs when matter changes state which is called a physical change Exp- when H2o freezes the chemical makeup stays the same.
36
Chemical Change
Substances are transformed into new substances with different physical & chemical properties. Exp- When Hydrogen & Oxygen are combined to form water.
37
Exothermic
Reactions that give off energy (Fire Heat/ Light) -Oxidation, Combustion
38
Endothermic
Reaction that absorb energy | Liquid to gas
39
Oxidation
Formation of a chemical bond between oxygen and another element. (most common is iron) Flaky red called iron oxide,rust Very slow process- heat dissipates before noticed. Exothermic
40
Combustion
Self-sustaining chemical reaction yielding energy or products that cause further reaction of the same kind. Supported as low as 14%
41
Fire Tetrahedron
Oxygen (oxidizing agent) O2 most common Fuel Heat Self-sustained chemical reaction
42
Oxygen
21% normally Combustion supported as low as 14% If temps in compartment fires go up, lower concentrations of o2 are need to support flaming combustion. Research shows less than 2% +21% is oxygen enriched ( Burn more rapidly) 31% Nomex ignites & burns vigorously. Hard to extinguish "Home care o2, Nursing homes"
43
Fuel
Material or substance being oxidized or burned in the combustion process. Fuel in combustion is known as a reducing agent
44
Reducing Agent
Fuel in combustion
45
Pyrolysis
Chemical decomposition of a substance through the action of heat
46
Surface to mass ration
Surface area to the fuel in proportion to the mass. Log=Low Saw dust=High
47
Vaporization
Transformation of a liquid to its vapor or gaseous state. Exp- Water left in a pan evaporates
48
Flammable (Explosive) Range
After fuel has been converted into a gaseous state, it must be mixed with air (oxidizer in the proper ratios) The range of concentrations of the fuel vapor & O2 is called the FR. % by volume of gas or vapor in air for LFL & UFL
49
Lower Flammable Limit
Minimum concentration of fuel vapor & Air that supports combustion. Concentration that are below the LFL are too lean to burn
50
Upper Flammable Limit
Concentration above which combustion cannot take place. Above the UFL are too rich to burn
51
Fuel Load or Fire Load
Total amount (mass) of fuel in a compartment or specific location multiplied by the heat of combustion of materials Typical basement fire load 5.8 (lb.sq.ft)
52
Heat
Energy component of fire tetrahedron Chemical, Electrical, Mechanical, Nuclear When heat comes in contact with fuel. Energy supports combustion reaction in many ways. - Pyrolysis or vaporization of solid & Liquids - Provides Energy necessary for ignition - Continuous production & Ignition of fuel vapors or gases to continue combustion.
53
Chemical Heat
When any combustion is in contact with oxygen, oxidation occurs. Most common in combustion Heat generated when match burns Self heating (Spontaneous Heating) is when materials increase in heat with addition of external heat.
54
Ignition Temperature
Minimum temperature at which self-sustained combustion occurs
55
Electrical Heat
Can generate temps high enough to ignite any combustible materials near the heated area. - Current flows through a resistance (static,Lightning) - Over current or overload ( Arching,Sparking)
56
Mechanical heat
Generated by friction & Compression Movement of two surfaces against each other
57
Nuclear Heat
Heat Energy is generated when atoms either split (fission) or combine (fusion) Fission heats water to drive steam turbines & produce electricity. Fusion- sun heat is product
58
Fire Development
``` Ignition Growth Flashover (900-1200 degrees) Fully Developed Decay ```
59
Fuel Controlled
When amount of fuel available to burn is limited
60
Ventilation Controlled
When amount of available oxygen is limited
61
Heat Release Rate (HRR)
Amount of energy released over time BTU'S or KW
62
Flameover / Rollover
Flames move through or across the unburned gases during a fires progression
63
Thermal Layering
Gases form into layers according to temp
64
Polar Solvents
Liquids that readily mix with water Non-polar (Hydrocarbons)
65
Classifications of Fires
Class A- Ordinary combustibles Class B - Flammable & Combustible liquids Class C- Electrical Class D- Metals
66
Class A Fires
Ordinary combustibles - wood, cloth, paper, rubber, many plastics
67
Class B Fires
Flammable & Combustibles - Gas, Oil, Lacquer, Paint, Mineral Spirits, Alcohol * Smothering or blanketing
68
Class C Fires
Electrical - Household appliances, Computers, Transformers * Halon, Dry Chemical, Carbon Dioxide Fasters to de-energize
69
Class D Fires
Metals - Aluminum, Magnesium, titanium, Zirconium, Sodium, & Potassium * No single agent effectively controls fires in all combustible metals.

FIRE IFSTA (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions