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Veterinary Medical Terminology > Chapter 3: Bones, Joints and Muscles > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Bones, Joints and Muscles Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Bone tissue

A

Osseous tissue

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2
Q

Process of bone formation

A

Ossification

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3
Q

Bone cell that forms bone tissue

A

Osteoblast

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4
Q

Bone cell that absorbs and removes bone tissue

A

Osteoclast

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5
Q

Bone cell

A

Osteocyte

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6
Q

Thin layer of cartilage covering the surface of bones at a joint

A

Articular cartilage

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7
Q

Most abundant mineral in the body

A

Calcium

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8
Q

Spongy or porous bone found at the ends of long bones and in the inner portions of long bones

A

Cancellous bone

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9
Q

Structural protein making up the white fibrous strands found in bone

A

Collagen

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10
Q

Hard, dense bone tissue that forms the outer layer of bone

A

Compact bone

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11
Q

Shaft of a long bone

A

Diaphysis

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12
Q

Inner lining of bone

A

Endosteum

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13
Q

Cartilaginous region of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place

A

Epiphyseal plate

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14
Q

Each end of a long bone

A

Epiphysis

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15
Q

Central, hollowed-out portion in the shaft of a long bone that contains yellow bone marrow

A

Medullary cavity

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16
Q

Flared portion of a long bone between epiphyseal plate and diaphysis

A

Metaphysis

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17
Q

Membrane surrounding bone

A

Periosteum

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18
Q

Found in cancellous bone and site of hematopoeisis

A

Red bone marrow

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19
Q

Found in the diaphysis of bone and consists of fatty tissue

A

Yellow bone marrow

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20
Q

Examples of these bones are: femur, tibia, radius, metacarpals

A

Long bones

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21
Q

Examples of these bones include the carpals and tarsals

A

Short bones

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22
Q

Examples of these bones are: scapula, ribs and bones of pelvis and skull

A

Flat bones

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23
Q

Small bones embedded in tendons

A

Sesamoid bones

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24
Q

Vertebrae are what type of bone?

A

Irregular bones

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25
Q

Bone found in the penis of some carnivores

A

Os penis

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26
Q

Bone found in the nose of pigs

A

Os rostri

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27
Q

Bone found in the heart of ruminants

A

Os cordis

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28
Q

Hereditary condition in which the bones and cartilage of limbs fail to grow to normal size

A

Achondroplasia

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29
Q

Removal of limb or other appendage

A

Amputation

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30
Q

Deposit of calcium salts in tissue

A

Calcification

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31
Q

Bone deposit formed at the ends of a bone fracture; absorbed as fracture is repaired and replaced by true bone

A

Callus

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32
Q

Procedure to dissolve a protion of the center of an intervertebral disc (IVD) to treat a herniated IVD

A

Chemonucleolysis

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33
Q

Crackling sounds produced by the grating of broken bones

A

Crepitation

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34
Q

Loss of calcium salts in bones and teeth

A

Decalcification

35
Q

Displacement of a bone from its joint

A

Dislocation

36
Q

Sudden breaking of bone

A

Fracture

37
Q

Abnormal protrusion of an IVD into the neural cavity or spinal nerves

A

Herniation of IVD

38
Q

Act of preventing a bone from being moved

A

Immobilization

39
Q

Abnormal, increased, dorsal curvature of the spine

A

Kyphosis

“Hunchback”

40
Q

Removal of part of the vertebral arch to relieve pressure from a ruptured IVD

A

Laminectomy

41
Q

Downward or ventral curvature of the lumbar spine

A

Lordosis

“Swayback”

42
Q

Branch of surgery dealing with the skeletal system

A

Orthopedic

43
Q

Decreased bone density due to loss of bone tissue

A

Osteoporosis

44
Q

Correction of a fracture

A

Reduction

45
Q

Piece of dead bone tissue that has separated from healthy bone tissue during necrosis (cell death)

A

Sequestrum

46
Q

Joint between atlas and axis “No joint”

A

Atlanto-axial joint

47
Q

Joint between atlas and occipital “Yes joint”

A

Atlanto-occipital joint

48
Q

Joint consisting of carpal bones

A

Carpus

“Wrist”

49
Q

Joint between pelvis and the femur

A

Coxofemoral joint

“Hip”

50
Q

Joint between femur and the tibia (stifle joint)

A

Femorotibial joint

“Stifle”

51
Q

Joint where the humerus meets the radius and ulna

A

Humeroradioulnar joint

“Elbow”

52
Q

Joint between the sacrum and ilium

A

Sacroiliac joint

53
Q

Joint between the scapula and humerus

A

Scapulohumeral joint

“Shoulder”

54
Q

Joint consisting of tarsal bones

A

Tarsus

“Hock”

55
Q

Where two or more bones come together

A

Articulation

56
Q

Sac of fluid near a joint that acts as a lubrication to ease friction between tissues

A

Bursa

57
Q

Connective tissue that binds bone to bone

A

Ligament

58
Q

Space between bones at a synovial joint which contains synovial fluid

A

Synovial cavity

59
Q

Viscous fluid within the synovial cavity that acts as a lubricant between bones

A

Synovial joint

60
Q

Membrane lining the synovial cavity that produces synovial fluid

A

Synovial membrane

61
Q

Connective tissue that binds muscle to bone

A

Tendon

62
Q

Movement AWAY from midline of the body

A

Abduction

63
Q

Movement TOWARD the midline of the body

A

Adduction

64
Q

Backward bending (flexion)

A

Dorsiflexion

65
Q

Increasing angle between two bones at a joint

A

Extension

66
Q

Decreasing angle between two bones at a joint

A

Flexion

67
Q

The act of turning the palmar or plantar surface downward

A

Pronation

68
Q

The act of turning the palmar or plantar surface upward

A

Supination

69
Q

Circular movement that turns a body part around a central point

A

Rotation

70
Q

Fibrous band that connects two surfaces that are normally separate

A

Adhesion

71
Q

Able to walk

A

Ambulatory

72
Q

No development due to decrease from normal cell size

A

Atrophy

73
Q

Increased development due to an increase in cell numbers

A

Hyperplasia

74
Q

Excessive development due to increase in cell size

A

Hypertrophy

75
Q

Incomplete development due to an increase in cell numbers

A

Hypoplasia

76
Q

Looseness

A

Laxity

77
Q

Muscle weakness

A

Myasthenia

78
Q

Syndrome of muscular weakness that is aggravated by activity and relieved by rest

A

Myasthesnia gravis

79
Q

Repetitive contractions of skeletal muscles that persist during sleep

A

Myoclonus

80
Q

Disorder in which there is a delayed relaxation of a muscle after contraction

A

Myotonia

81
Q

Inflammation of the tendon and tendon sheath

A

Tenosynovitis

82
Q

Continuous muscle spasms or twitching

A

Tetany

83
Q

Muscle tone; balanced muscle tension

A

Tonus

Veterinary Medical Terminology (21 decks)

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