Chapter 2: Anatomical Organization Flashcards
What are the 3 basic processes that occur within a cell?
Anabolism
Catabolism
Metabolism
Divide the body into 4 groups
Cells, tissue, organs and systems
Process of building up complex proteins from simpler substances
Anabolism
Process of breaking down complex foods into simpler substances
Catabolism
The total chemical processes in a cell. Catabolism + Anabolism
Metabolism
Collection of fat cells
Adipose tissue
Binds and supports various structures. Ex: fat, bone, blood, cartilage
Connective tissue
Consists of epithelium which lines external and internal body surfaces, endothelium which lines organs and blood vessels and mesothelium which lines cavities such as the peritoneum.
Epithelial tissue
Skeletal muscle which is striated, voluntary muscle controlling movement, Cardiac muscle which is striated, involuntary muscle controlling the heart. Visceral muscle which is smooth and involuntary and controlling internal organs.
Muscle tissue
Cells that conduct electrical impulses all over the body.
Nerve tissue
Internal organs
Viscera
Consists of organs such as heart, veins, arteries, capillaries and spleen
Cardiovascular system
Consists of organs such as the mouth, throat, esophagus, stomach, intestines, pancreas, liver and gallbladder.
Digestive system
Consists of organs such as the pancreas, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, ovaries, testes and adrenal glands
Endocrine system
Consists of organs such as skin, hair (fur), nails and glands
Integumentary system
Consists of organs such as the bones, muscle and joints
Musculoskeletal system
Consists of organs such as the brain and spinal cord
Nervous system
Consists of organs such as ovaries, vagina, uterus, testes and penis
Reproductive system
Consists of organs such as the windpipe, lungs and heart
Respiratory system
Consists of organs such as the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra
Urogenital system
Cavity containing organs such as the stomach, intestines, spleen, and pancreas
Abdominal
Cavity containing the brain
Cranial
Cavity containing the spinal cord
Spinal
Cavity containing organs such as the heart, lungs, esophagus, and trachea
Thoracic
The form and structure of the body
Anatomy
Not malignant, non-invasive; not spreading
Benign
Flexible connective tissue attached to bones at a joint
Cartilage
Thin, muscular partition separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities
Diaphragm
Glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream
Endocrine glands
Glands that secrete chemicals through tubes everywhere in the body
Exocrine glands
Voice box
Larynx
Irrigation or washing out of an organ or cavity
Lavage
Tending to become progressively worse
Malignant
Thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or divides a space or an organ
Membrane
Membrane surrounding the organs in the abdomen
Peritoneum
Throat
Pharynx
Study of the body’s function
Physiology
Windpipe
Trachea
The navel
Umbilicus
Tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
Ureter
Tube that carries urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
Urethra
Internal organs
Viscera
Displacement of internal organs outside the cavity that should contain them
Evisceration
Abnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue through the structure that should contain it
Hernia
Abnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue through a natural opening
Prolapse
Cartilage pad between vertebrae used for cushion and support
Intervertebral disk
Nervous tissue within the spinal cavity
Spinal cord
Bones surrounding the spinal cavity
Spinal column
Back bone
Vertebra
Back bones
Vertebrae
Neck area
Cervical
Chest area
Thoracic
Lower back area
Lumbar
Sacrum
Sacral
Tail area
Caudal; coccygeal
Another word for chest
Thorax
Lateral aspect of the body between the ilium and ribs
Flank
Common name for tarsus joint
Hock
Flap of the ear; auricle
Pinna
Joint where the femur and tibia meet; medically known as femorotibial joint
Stifle
