Chapter 3 - Blood Products Flashcards
Which blood products do not carry the risk of HIV and hepatitis?
Albumin and serum globulins (because they are heat treated)
When do you use CMV-negative blood?
In low-birth-weight infants, bone marrow transplant patients, other transplant patients
What is the #1 cause of death from transfusion reactions?
Clerical error leading to ABO incompatibility
What is an acute hemolysis reaction caused by/what are the symptoms?
ABO incompatibility, antibody mediated; back pain, chills, tachycardia, fever, hemoglobinuria. Can lead to ATN, DIC, shock. In anesthetized pts may present as diffuse bleeding.
What is the treatment for acute hemolysis reaction?
Fluids, diuretics, HCO3-, pressors, histamine blockers (benadryl)
What is delayed hemolysis reaction caused by?
Antibody-mediated against minor antigens
What is the treatment for delayed hemolysis reaction?
Observation if stable
What is nonimmune hemolysis caused by?
Squeezed blood
What is the treatment for nonimmune hemolysis?
Fluids and diuretics
What is the most common transfusion reaction?
Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction
What is febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction caused by?
Recipient antibody reaction against WBCs in donor blood
What is the treatment for febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction?
d/c transfusion, use WBC filters for subsequent transfusions
What is anaphylaxis due to transfusion caused by?
Usually IgG against IgA in IgA-deficient recipient
What is the treatment for anaphylaxis from transfusion?
Fluids, lasix, pressors, steroids, epinephrine, histamine blockers (benadryl)
What is the cause of urticaria from transfusions?
Nonhemolytic, usually a reaction against plasma proteins or IgA in the transfused blood