Chapter 3 - Blood Products Flashcards

2
Q

Which blood products do not carry the risk of HIV and hepatitis?

A

Albumin and serum globulins (because they are heat treated)

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3
Q

When do you use CMV-negative blood?

A

In low-birth-weight infants, bone marrow transplant patients, other transplant patients

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4
Q

What is the #1 cause of death from transfusion reactions?

A

Clerical error leading to ABO incompatibility

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5
Q

What is an acute hemolysis reaction caused by/what are the symptoms?

A

ABO incompatibility, antibody mediated; back pain, chills, tachycardia, fever, hemoglobinuria. Can lead to ATN, DIC, shock. In anesthetized pts may present as diffuse bleeding.

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6
Q

What is the treatment for acute hemolysis reaction?

A

Fluids, diuretics, HCO3-, pressors, histamine blockers (benadryl)

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7
Q

What is delayed hemolysis reaction caused by?

A

Antibody-mediated against minor antigens

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8
Q

What is the treatment for delayed hemolysis reaction?

A

Observation if stable

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9
Q

What is nonimmune hemolysis caused by?

A

Squeezed blood

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10
Q

What is the treatment for nonimmune hemolysis?

A

Fluids and diuretics

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11
Q

What is the most common transfusion reaction?

A

Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction

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12
Q

What is febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction caused by?

A

Recipient antibody reaction against WBCs in donor blood

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13
Q

What is the treatment for febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction?

A

d/c transfusion, use WBC filters for subsequent transfusions

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14
Q

What is anaphylaxis due to transfusion caused by?

A

Usually IgG against IgA in IgA-deficient recipient

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15
Q

What is the treatment for anaphylaxis from transfusion?

A

Fluids, lasix, pressors, steroids, epinephrine, histamine blockers (benadryl)

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16
Q

What is the cause of urticaria from transfusions?

A

Nonhemolytic, usually a reaction against plasma proteins or IgA in the transfused blood

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17
Q

What is the treatment for urticaria from transfusions?

A

Histamine blockers (benadryl), supportive

18
Q

After how many units of PRBCs will you see dilutional throbocytopenia?

A

10

19
Q

What electrolyte abnormality will you see after massive transfusion?

A

Hypocalcemia - Ca required for clotting cascade

20
Q

What is the incidence and when will people develop antiplatelet antibodies?

A

In 20% of patients after 10-20 platelet transfusions

21
Q

What is TRALI caused by?

A

Antibodies to recipient’s WBCs, clot in pulmonary capillaries

22
Q

What is the most common bacterial contaminate?

A

GNR (usually E. coli)

23
Q

What is the most common blood product source of contamination?

A

Platelets (because they’re not refridgerated)

24
Q

What is the risk of transfer of HIV with transfusion?

A

1: 1-2 million

25
Q

What is the risk of transfer of Hepatitis B or C with transfusion?

A

1: 250-500 thousand

26
Q

What are the routinely performed infectious diseases screened for in blood donations?

A

Treponema pallidum, HBV, HCV, HIV, HTLV, WNV

27
Q

What is the volume per dose of PRBC?

A

250-325ml

28
Q

What is the volume per dose of FFP and how long is thawed FFP good for?

A

200ml, 24h

29
Q

What is the volume per dose of 4-6pk platelets and what is the shelf life?

A

200-250ml, 5d

30
Q

What is the volume per dose of 10pk cryo and what is its thawed shelf life?

A

100ml, 4h