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Psychology > Chapter 3 - Biology and Behavior > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Biology and Behavior Flashcards

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0
Q

What makes up the central nervous system?

A

The brain and spinal cord.

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1
Q

What are the two parts of the nervous system?

A

Central and Peripheral

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2
Q

What does the peripheral nervous system do?

A

Transmits info to and from the central nervous system.

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3
Q

What are the two parts of the peripheral nervous system?

A

Autonomic and Somatic

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4
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system do?

A

Automatically regulate glands, internal organs and blood vessels, pupil dilation, digestion and blood pressure.

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5
Q

What does the somatic nervous system do?

A

Carries sensory info and controls movement of the skeletal muscles.

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6
Q

What are the two parts of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions.

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7
Q

What is the spinal cord reflex?

A

The simplest neural circuit involving a sensory neuron, an interneuron and a motor neuron.

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8
Q

What is a neuron?

A

The main signaling unit of the nervous system.

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9
Q

What are the different parts of neurons?

A

1) Dendrites
2) Axons
3) Terminal branches of the axons
4) Myelin sheath
5) Neural impulse
6) Cell body

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10
Q

What do dendrites do?

A

Receive messages from other cells.

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11
Q

What are the axons?

A

Passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles or glands.

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12
Q

What do the terminal branches of the axons do?

A

Create connections with other neurons.

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13
Q

What does the neural impulse do?

A

It is the electrical impulse traveling through the axon.

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14
Q

What is the myelin sheath?

A

Covers the axon of some neurons and speeds impulses.

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15
Q

What do neurotransmitters do?

A

They excite or inhibit nearby neurons.

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16
Q

What is the all-or-none principle?

A

States that a neuron either fires fully or not at all.

17
Q

What is the resting potential of a neuron before firing?

A

-70 mV

18
Q

What are synaptic vessels?

A

Located in the terminal button of sending neurons they release neurotransmitters into the synaptic space.

19
Q

What is the synaptic space?

A

The space between the terminal button of the sender to the dendrite of the receiver.

20
Q

What are the three parts of the brain?

A

1) Forebrain
2) Midbrain
3) Hindbrain

21
Q

What are the parts of the hindbrain?

A

Pons, medulla and cerebellum.

22
Q

What are the parts of the midbrain?

A

Tegmentum and tectum.

23
Q

What is the cerebral cortex used for?

A

Thought and planning.

24
Q

What are the two parts of the forebrain?

A

1) Cerebral Cortex

2) Limbic System

25
Q

What is the thalamus?

A

Part of the forebrain that relays info from sensory organs to the cerebral cortex.

26
Q

What is the Mamillary Body?

A

Neurons that act as a relay station, transmitting info between fornix and thalamus.

27
Q

What is the hypothalamus?

A

Part of the forebrain that regulates the amount of fear, thirst, sexual drive and aggression we feel.

28
Q

What is the fornix?

A

Pathway of nerve fibers that transmits info from hippocampus to the Mamillary body.

29
Q

What is the cingulate cortex?

A

Primary cortical component of the Limbic system, involved in emotional and cognitive processing.

30
Q

What is the hippocampus?

A

Plays a role in our learning, memory and ability to compare sensory info to expectations.

31
Q

What is the pituitary gland?

A

Regulates other endocrine glands.

32
Q

What is the medulla?

A

Part of the hindbrain where nerves cross from one side to the other.

33
Q

What does the cerebellum do?

A

Part of the hindbrain that controls balance and maintains muscle coordination.

34
Q

What are the pons?

A

Part of the hindbrain that relays messages between the cerebellum and the cortex.

35
Q

What are the four lobes?

A

1) Frontal
2) Temporal
3) Parietal
4) Occipital

36
Q

What does the frontal love do?

A

Thought, planning and movement.

37
Q

What does the temporal lobe do?

A

Hearing and memory.

38
Q

What does the parietal lobe do?

A

Touch and spatial relations.

39
Q

What does the occipital lobe do?

A

Vision

40
Q

What does the sympathetic division do?

A

Prepares the body for action.

41
Q

What does the parasympathetic division do?

A

Returns the body to a state of rest.

Psychology (12 decks)

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