Chapter 14 - Psychological Disorders Flashcards
Psychopathology
Sickness or disorder of the mind.
Etiology
Factors that contribute to the development of a disorder.
Multiaxial System
System used in the DSM.
Calls for assessment along five axes that describe important mental health factors.
Assessment
Examination of a person’s mental state to diagnose possible psychological disorders.
Diathesis-Stress Model
Diagnostic model that proposes that a disorder may develop when an underlying vulnerability is coupled with a precipitating event.
Family Systems Model
Diagnostic model that considers symptoms within an individual as indicating problems within the family.
Sociocultural Model
Diagnostic model that views psychopathology as the result of the interaction between individuals and their cultures.
Cognitive-Behavioral Approach
Diagnostic model that views psychopathology as the result of learned, maladaptive thoughts and beliefs.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
Diffuse state of constant anxiety not associated with any specific object or event.
PTSD
Mental disorder that involves frequent nightmares, intrusive thoughts and flashbacks related to an earlier trauma.
Panic Disorder
Anxiety disorder that consists of sudden, overwhelming attacks of terror.
Agoraphobia
Anxiety disorder marked by fear of being in situations in which escape may be difficult or impossible.
OCD
Anxiety disorder characterized by frequent intrusive thoughts and compulsive actions.
Major Depression
Disorder characterized by severe negative moods or a lack of interest in normally pleasurable activities.
Dysthymia
Form of depression that is not severe enough to be diagnosed as major depression.
Bipolar Disorder
Mood disorder characterized by alternating periods of depression and mania.
Learned Helplessness
Cognitive model of depression in which people feel unable to control events in their lives.
Dissociative Disorders
Mental disorders that involve disruptions of identity, memory or conscious awareness.
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)
Occurrence of two or more distinct identities in the same individual.
Schizophrenia
Psychological disorder characterized by a split between thought and emotion.
It involves alterations in thoughts, perceptions or consciousness.
Positive Symptoms
Symptoms of schizophrenia that are marked by excesses in functioning.
Negative Symptoms
Symptoms of schizophrenia that are marked by deficits in functioning.
Delusions
False beliefs based on incorrect inferences about reality.
Hallucinations
False sensory perceptions that are experienced without an external source.
