Chapter 10 - Emotion and Motivation

Question 1

What did Darwin believe facial expressions were used for?

Answer 1

To communicate info about their internal state.

Question 2

Valence

Answer 2

Refers to the positive and negative emotions we feel.

Question 3

Activation

Answer 3

Indicates the emotional arousing state.

Question 4

Arousal

Answer 4

Used to describe physiological activation.

Question 5

What is the James-Lange Theory?

Answer 5

States that physical arousal of the sympathetic nervous system labels the emotion of fear.

Question 6

Do facial expressions trigger emotions or emotions trigger facial expressions.

Answer 6

Facial expressions trigger emotions.

Question 7

Name of few points of the Cannon-Bard Theory

Answer 7

• the mind is quick to experience emotion, the body is much slower
• different emotions often produce the same physical change
• this makes it difficult to quickly determine which emotion you are feeling

Question 8

What does the amygdala do?

Answer 8

Processes the emotional significance of stimuli and generates immediate reactions.

Question 9

Schacter and Singer Two-Factor Theory

Answer 9

Stated that to experience emotion one requires: 1) Physiological arousal 2) Cognitive appraisal

Question 10

Drives

Answer 10

Psychological state that motivates an organism to satisfy a need. (internal version of incentives)

Question 11

Incentives

Answer 11

External objects or goals that motivate behaviors. (external version of drives)

Question 12

Need To Belong Theory

Answer 12

Need for interpersonal attachments has evolved for adaptive purposes.

Question 13

Leptin

Answer 13

A hormone that travels to the hypothalamus to inhibit eating.

Question 14

Ghrelin

Answer 14

Hormone that causes your appetite.

Question 15

Yerkes-Dodson Law

Answer 15

Performance increases with arousal but only up to a point.

Question 16

Loss of sexual desire in men may indicate low levels of what?

Answer 16

Testosterone.

Question 17

Loss of sexual desire in men may indicate damage to what part of the brain?

Answer 17

Hypothalamus.

Question 18

Sexual Strategies Theory

Answer 18

Males pick young and attractive mates. Females pick kind, dependable and successful mates.

Question 19

Cognitive Appraisals

Answer 19

Peoples understandings of why they feel the way they do.

Question 20

Name a few examples of primary emotions.

Answer 20

• anger
• fear
• sadness
• disgust
• happiness
• surprise
• contempt

Question 21

Name a few examples of secondary emotions.

Answer 21

• remorse
• guilt
• submission
• shame
• anticipation

Question 22

Primary emotions

Answer 22

• evolutionarily adaptive
• shared across cultures
• associated with specific physical states

Question 23

Secondary emotions

Answer 23

Blends of primary emotions.

Question 24

Main point of the Cannon-Bard Theory

Answer 24

The mind and body experience emotion independently. We experience emotion and the physical change at roughly the same time.

Question 25

What are the two main brain structures for emotion?

Answer 25

1) Amygdala 2) Prefrontal Cortex

Question 26

Amygdala

Answer 26

Processes emotional significance of stimuli.

Question 27

Motivation

Answer 27

Factors that energize, direct or sustain behavior.

Question 28

Need

Answer 28

A state of deficiency either biological or social.

Question 29

Order of Maslow’s need hierarchy from highest to lowest priority.

Answer 29

1) Psychological
2) Safety
3) Belonging and Love
4) Esteem
5) Self-Actualization

Question 30

What are the basic needs that must be fulfilled first according to Maslow?

Answer 30

Psychological, such as food, water and sleep.

Question 31

Self-Actualization

Answer 31

A state achieved when your goals and aspirations have been attained.

Question 32

Homeostasis

Answer 32

The tendency for bodily functions to maintain equilibrium.

Question 33

What does the graph of the Yerkes-Dodson Law look like?

Answer 33

Question 34

Intrinsic Motivation

Answer 34

Value or pleasure removed from an apparent external goal.

Intrinsicly motivated behaviors are simply enjoyable.

Question 35

Self-Perception Theory

Answer 35

People are rarely aware of their own motives.

Question 36

Self-Determination Theory

Answer 36

People are motivated to satisfy needs for competence, relatedness to others and autonomy.

Question 37

Leptin

Answer 37

Hormone released to inhibit eating behavior.