Chapter 12 Flashcards

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1
Q

Nonverbal Behavior

A

Facial expressions, gestures, mannerisms and movements we use to communicate.

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2
Q

Attributions

A

People’s explanations for why events or actions occur.

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3
Q

Personal Attributions

A

Explanations that refer to people’s internal characteristics such as abilities, traits, moods or efforts.

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4
Q

Situational Attributions

A

Explanations that refer to external events such as the weather, luck, accidents or other people’s actions.

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5
Q

Fundamental Attribution Error

A

In explaining other’s behavior, the tendency to overemphasize personality traits and underestimate situational factors.

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6
Q

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

A

People’s tendency to behave in ways that confirm their own expectations or other people’s expectations.

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7
Q

Prejudice

A

Negative feelings, opinions and beliefs associated with a stereotype.

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8
Q

Discrimination

A

Unjustified treatment of people as a result of prejudice.

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9
Q

Ingroup Favoritism

A

Tendency for us to prefer people within our group.

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10
Q

Attitudes

A

People’s evaluations of objects, events or ideas.

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11
Q

Explicit Attitudes

A

Attitudes that a person can report.

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12
Q

Implicit Attitudes

A

Attitudes that influence a person’s feelings and behavior at an unconscious level.

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13
Q

Cognitive Dissonance

A

An uncomfortable mental state due to a contradiction between two attitudes or between an attitude and a behavior.

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14
Q

Persuassion

A

The active and conscious effort to change an attitude through transmission of a message.

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15
Q

Social Facilitation

A

When the mere presence of others enhances performance.

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16
Q

Social Loafing

A

The tendency for people to work less hard in a group than when working alone.

17
Q

Deindividuation

A

A state of reduced individuality, self-awareness and attention to personal standards.

May occur when people are part of a group.

18
Q

Conformity

A

Altering of one’s behaviors and opinions to match those of other people or to match other people’s expectations.

19
Q

Social Norms

A

Expected standards of conduct which influence behavior.

20
Q

Compliance

A

Tendency to agree to do things requested by others.

21
Q

Aggression

A

Any behavior that involves the intention to harm someone else.

22
Q

Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis

A

The extent to which people feel frustrated predicts the likelihood that they will act aggressively.

23
Q

Prosocial

A

Tending to benefit others.

24
Q

Altruism

A

The providing of help when it is needed without any apparent reward.