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KNPE 301 > Chapter 3: Basic Physiology of Cardiorespiratory Endurance Exercise > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Basic Physiology of Cardiorespiratory Endurance Exercise Flashcards

1
Q

the system that circulates blood through the body; consists of the heart, blood vessels, and respiratory system

A

Cardiorespiratory System

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2
Q

Circulation of blood between the heart and the lungs

A

Pulmonary Circulation

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3
Q

path of circulation between the heart and the rest of the body

A

Systemic Circulation

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4
Q

a large vein carrying deoxygenated blood into the heart

A

venae cavae (vena cava)

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5
Q

Each of the two upper chambers of the heart that receives blood that comes into the heart

A

Atrium

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6
Q

The process by which oxygen moves from the lungs to the blood and carbon dioxide moves from the blood to the lungs; faster breathing concentrates oxygen and decreases carbon dioxide in the lungs and promotes diffusion.

A

Diffusion

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7
Q

The heart valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle that prevents the back flow of blood into the right atrium.

A

Tricuspid Valve

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8
Q

The heart valve that lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery that prevents the back flow of blood into the right ventricle.

A

Pulmonary Valve

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9
Q

Contraction of the heart

A

Systole

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10
Q

Relaxation of the heart

A

Diastole

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11
Q

the pressure that is exerted by the blood against the walls of blood vessels

A

Blood Pressure

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12
Q

The heart valve that lies between the left atrium and left ventricle that prevents the back flow of blood into the left atrium.

A

Mitral Valve

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13
Q

The heart valve between the left ventricle and the aorta that prevents the back flow of blood into the left ventricle

A

Aortic Valve

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14
Q

carry blood to the heart

A

Veins

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15
Q

carry blood away from the heart

A

Arteries

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16
Q

cells lining the blood vessels

A

Endothenial Cells

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17
Q

A gas released by the endothelial cells to promote blood flow. The capacity of these cells to release nitric oxide is an important marker of good health.

A

Nitric Oxide

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18
Q

Very small blood vessels that distribute blood to all parts of the body.

A

Capillaries

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19
Q

A pair of large blood vessels that branch off the aorta and supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood.

A

Coronary Arteries

20
Q

The lungs, air passages, and breathing muscles; supplies oxygen to the body and removes carbon dioxide.

A

Respiratory System

21
Q

Tiny air sacs in the lungs that allow the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and blood.

A

Alveoli

22
Q

The amount of blood the heart pumps with each beat.

A

Stroke Volume

23
Q

The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute via heart rate and stroke volume.

A

Cardiac Output

24
Q

The rate at which the body uses energy.

A

Metabolic Rate

25
Q

The energy source for cellular processes.

A

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

26
Q

The system that supplies very short bursts of energy to muscle cells through the breakdown of cellular stores of ATP and creatine phosphate (CP).

A

immediate (“explosive”) energy system

27
Q

The system that supplies energy to muscle cells for highly intense exercise of short duration by breaking down muscle stores of glucose and glycogen; called the anaerobic system because chemical reactions take place without oxygen and produce lactic acid.

A

nonoxidative (anaerobic) energy system

28
Q

A metabolic acid resulting from the metabolism of glucose and glycogen. It is broken down in the body into lactate and hydrogen ions as soon as it is produced.

A

Lactic Acid

29
Q

The system that supplies energy to cells for long periods of activity through the breakdown of glucose, glycogen, and fats; called the aerobic system because its chemical reactions require oxygen.

A

oxidative (aerobic) energy system

30
Q

Cell structures that convert the energy in food to a form the body can use.

A

Mitochondria

31
Q

A high-energy compound used to resynthesize ATP that is particularly important during high-intensity exercise.

A

creatine phosphate (CP)

32
Q

The highest rate of oxygen consumption an individual is capable of during maximum physical effort, reflecting the body’s ability to transport and use oxygen; measured in liters per minute or milliliters of oxygen used per kilogram of body weight per minute.

A

maximal oxygen consumption ( V˙ O 2max )

33
Q

Lactate is lactic acid without the acid. In the body, lactic acid immediately gets rid of the acid (hydrogen ion, H+), so the body produces and uses lactate at rest and during exercise.

A

Lactate

34
Q

The body’s response to tissue and cell damage, environmental poisons, or poor metabolic health.

A

Inflammation

35
Q

a condition in which the bones become fragile and break easily

A

Osteoporosis

36
Q

The physiological processes that protect us from diseases such as colds, bacterial infections, and even cancer.

A

Immune System

37
Q

The range of heart rates that should be reached and maintained during cardiorespiratory endurance exercise to obtain optimal training effects.

A

Target HR Zone

38
Q

The difference between maximum heart rate and resting heart rate; used in one method for calculating target heart rate zone.

A

HR Reserve

39
Q

A unit of measure that represents the body’s resting metabolic rate-that is, the energy requirement of the body at rest.

A

MET

40
Q

rest, ice, compression, elevation

A

RICE Principle

41
Q

Freezing of body tissues characterized by pallor, numbness, and a loss of cold sensation.

A

Frostbite

42
Q

A severe and often fatal heat illness characterized by significantly elevated core body temperature.

A

Heatstroke

43
Q

Heat illness resulting from exertion in hot weather.

A

Heat Exhaustion

44
Q

Sudden muscle spasms and pain associated with intense exercise in hot weather.

A

Heat Cramps

45
Q

Excessive loss of body fluids.

A

Dehydration

46
Q

A type of sugar; the chief source of energy for living organisms.

A

Glucose

47
Q

a substance deposited in bodily tissues as a store of carbohydrates. It is a polysaccharide which forms glucose on hydrolysis.

A

Glycogen

KNPE 301 (7 decks)

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