Chapter 3 - Basic Nutrition

Question 1

What is metabolism?

Answer 1

The chemical and physiological process in the body that provides energy for the maintenance of life.

Question 2

Give three examples of a simple carbohydrate. Complex carbohydrate.

Answer 2

Simple carbohydrates are fruits, syrups, honey, chocolate bar, etc. Complex carbohydrates are potatoes, corn and rice, etc.

Question 3

According to the Institute of Medicine what percentage of the human diet should consist of carbohydrates? _ - _%.

Answer 3

45-65%

Question 4

What is the Glycemic Index?

Answer 4

A number (1–100) given to determine the rate at which the carbohydrate is broken down into glucose. The lower the number the longer it takes to break down, and the higher the number the faster.

Question 5

How many calories are there in one gram of fat?

Answer 5

There are nine calories per gram of fat.

Question 6

According to the Institute of Medicine what percentage of the human diet should consist of fat? _ - _?

Answer 6

20-35% fat, with a balance of saturated, polyunsaturated, and monounsaturated fats.

Question 7

(T/F) Fat is the most concentrated source of energy in the diet.

Answer 7

True.

What is the most concentrated source of energy in the body?

Question 8

What are the four types of fatty acids?

Answer 8

Saturated, Monounsaturated, Polyunsaturated, Trans-fatty acids.

Question 9

What are the two essential fatty acids?

Answer 9

Linoleic and Linolenic

Question 10

What is cholesterol?

Answer 10

Cholesterol is a lipid or fat-related substance necessary for good health. It is a normal component of most body tissues, especially those of the brain and nervous system, liver, and blood.

Question 11

What is considered to be a healthy level of cholesterol?

Answer 11

Below 200 mg/dl.

Question 12

What is the total cholesterol ratio?

Answer 12

HDL + LDL / HDL = Total Cholesterol Ratio.

Question 13

What is the range for normal cholesterol?

Answer 13

120 to 260 mg/dl.

Question 14

What is protein? What important role does it play in the body?

Answer 14

Protein is a substance containing nitrogen and is one of the most important elements for the maintenance of good health and vitality. It is of primary importance in the growth and development of all body tissues and the major source of building material for muscles, blood, skin, hair, nails, and internal organs, including the heart and brain.

Question 15

How many calories are in one gram of protein?

Answer 15

There are four calories in a gram of protein.

Question 16

According to the Institute of Medicine what percentage of the human diet should consist of protein? _ - _%.

Answer 16

10-35% of the diet should be protein.

Question 17

What are vitamins?

Answer 17

Organic compounds required by the body in minute amounts for physiological maintenance and growth.

Question 18

Which vitamins are fat soluble?

Answer 18

A, D, E, K.

Question 19

What are minerals?

Answer 19

Inorganic (non-living) nutrients found in the body and in food of organic and inorganic combinations. Approximately 26 minerals have been found to be essential to human nutrition.

Question 20

What is the most abundant mineral in the body?

Answer 20

Calcium.

Question 21

How many minerals are required in the diet?

Answer 21

21 minerals according to the FDA.

Question 22

What are the only metabolically active tissues in the body?

Answer 22

Muscles, the brain, and other organs.

Question 23

What is the most abundant protein in the human body?

Answer 23

Collagen.

Question 24

Name the nine essential amino acids:

Answer 24

Phenylalanine, valine, tryptophan, methionine, threonine, histidine, isoleucine, lysine, leucine.

Question 25

What is the Institute of Medicine’s recommended intake of carbohydrates, proteins and fats?

Answer 25

45-65% carbohydrates, 10-35% protein, 20-35% fat.

Question 26

What percentage of ingested calcium is absorbed by the human body? What is the RDA for calcium?

Answer 26

20-30% of ingested calcium is absorbed. 800 mg.

Question 27

Which vitamins are affected the most due to the industrialization of our food supply?

Answer 27

Vitamin B.

Question 28

What are the key antioxidants (vitamins)?

Answer 28

Beta carotene, vitamin E and C.

Question 29

What is the primary fuel source in the human diet? How many calories in one gram of _?

Answer 29

Carbohydrates. There are four calories in every gram of carbohydrate.