Chapter 3 - Basic Nutrition Flashcards
What is metabolism?
The chemical and physiological process in the body that provides energy for the maintenance of life.
What is the primary fuel source in the human diet? How many calories in one gram of _?
Carbohydrates. There are four calories in every gram of carbohydrate.
Give three examples of a simple carbohydrate. Complex carbohydrate.
Simple carbohydrates are fruits, syrups, honey, chocolate bar, etc. Complex carbohydrates are potatoes, corn and rice, etc.
According to the Institute of Medicine what percentage of the human diet should consist of carbohydrates? _ - _%.
45-65%
What is the Glycemic Index?
A number (1–100) given to determine the rate at which the carbohydrate is broken down into glucose. The lower the number the longer it takes to break down, and the higher the number the faster.
How many calories are there in one gram of fat?
There are nine calories per gram of fat.
According to the Institute of Medicine what percentage of the human diet should consist of fat? _ - _?
20-35% fat, with a balance of saturated, polyunsaturated, and monounsaturated fats.
(T/F) Fat is the most concentrated source of energy in the diet.
True.
What is the most concentrated source of energy in the body?
What are the four types of fatty acids?
Saturated, Monounsaturated, Polyunsaturated, Trans-fatty acids.
What are the two essential fatty acids?
Linoleic and Linolenic
What is cholesterol?
Cholesterol is a lipid or fat-related substance necessary for good health. It is a normal component of most body tissues, especially those of the brain and nervous system, liver, and blood.
What is considered to be a healthy level of cholesterol?
Below 200 mg/dl.
What is the total cholesterol ratio?
HDL + LDL / HDL = Total Cholesterol Ratio.
What is the range for normal cholesterol?
120 to 260 mg/dl.
What is protein? What important role does it play in the body?
Protein is a substance containing nitrogen and is one of the most important elements for the maintenance of good health and vitality. It is of primary importance in the growth and development of all body tissues and the major source of building material for muscles, blood, skin, hair, nails, and internal organs, including the heart and brain.
