Chapter 3 Amount of Substances Flashcards
what is the mole equation for solids and liquids
moles (mol) = mass (g) / Mr
what is the concentration equation for substances
concentration (moldm^-3) = moles (mol) / Volume (dm^3)
what is the moles equation for gases at RTP
moles (mol) = Volume (dm^3) / molar gas volume (24dm^3)
what is the gas equation
Pressure (Pa) x Volume (m^3) = moles (mol) x Gas Constant (8.314) x Temperature (K)
what is the percentage yield equation
Percentage Yield = (Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield) x 100
what is the Atom Economy equation
(molar mass of desired products / molar mass of all products) x 100
What is Avogadro’s Number
6.02 x 10^23
What is Avogadro’s Number (definition)
a number that is used to scale up to find moles
How many atoms are in one mole of an element
6.02 x 10^23 atoms
What is a mole
A unit that measures amounts in terms of number of atoms
What is Ar
Relative atomic mass
What is Mr
Relative Molecular mass
what is the empirical formula
the formula of a molecule in its simplest ratio C1H3
what is the molecular formula
the formula of a molecule in its actual ratio C2H6
how much is 1dm in cm
10cm
how much is 1dm^3 in cm^3
1000cm^3
How do you convert from Celsius to Kelvin
take you Celsius reading and add 273. You should never have a negative Kelvin reading
how do you calculate % difference for experiments
% difference = [(actual - expected) / Actual] x 100
how do you calculate % error for experiments
% error = (error / reading) x 100
what is a procedural error
an error in what you did during the experiment or in the method
what is a precision error
an error in the equipment
what are the three Ideal gas laws
> Size/volume of the gaseous atoms are negligible
No attraction between the atoms
Not at low temperature and high pressure conditions
what is Room Temperature
20 C
what is Room Pressure
101 KPa
what is the RTP rule for gases
1 mole of any gas at RTP occupies a volume of 24dm^3
what are the 3 characteristics of reactions with high Atom Economy
> Large proportion of desired products
Low proportion of waste products
Important for sustainability as they make best use of natural resources
how do you work out Percentage Yield
work out the moles of each substance then compare to theoretical yield
what is a Limiting Reagent
The reactant that is not in excess and is the first to be completely used up during the reaction
