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A-level Chemistry > Chapter 16 Organic Synthesis > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Organic Synthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

describe reflux

A

heat something intensely

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2
Q

what 5 pieces of equipment are required for a reflux reaction

A 
round bottom flask
condensor
rubber tubing
stand and clamp
heat source
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3
Q

describe distillation

A

heat a solution gently and then collect the condensed product to separate and purify a product

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4
Q

what pieces of equipment does a distillation reaction require that a reflux reaction does not

A

thermometer

beaker

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5
Q

what key piece of equipment is needed to purify solutions

A

separating funnels

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6
Q

name the 6 functional groups you needed to know

A 
alkene
alcohol
haloalkane
aldehyde
ketone
carboxylic acids
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7
Q

what is the alkene functional group

A

C=C

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8
Q

what is the alcohol functional group

A

-OH

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9
Q

what is the haloalkane functional group

A
  • Cl
  • Br
  • I
  • X
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10
Q

what is the aldehyde functional group

A

O=C-H

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11
Q

what is the ketone functional group

A

O
II
C-C-C

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12
Q

what is the carboxylic acid functional group

A

O=C-OH

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13
Q

what are the conditions and reagents required to make an alkene into an alkane

A

reagent H2

conditions Nickel Catalyst

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14
Q

what are the conditions and reagents required to make an alkane into an haloalkane

A

reagent any halogen

conditions UV energy

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15
Q

what are the conditions and reagents required to make a haloalkane into an alcohol

A 
reagent NaOH (aq)
conditions reflux
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16
Q

what are the conditions and reagents required to make an alcohol into a haloalkane

A

reagent sodium halide

conditions sulfuric acid catalyst

17
Q

what are the conditions and reagents required to make an alkene into a haloalkane

A

reagent hydrogen halide

conditions nothing specific

18
Q

what are the conditions and reagents required to make an alkene into an alcohol

A

reagent water

conditions phosphoric acid catalyst

19
Q

what are the conditions and reagents required to make an alcohol into an alkene

A

reagents nothing specific

conditions concentrated sulfuric acid

20
Q

what are the conditions and reagents required to make an alcohol into a carboxylic acid

A

reagents primary alcohol, excess of an oxidising agent

conditions reflux

21
Q

what are the conditions and reagents required to make an alcohol into an aldehyde

A

reagents primary alcohol, oxidising agent

conditions distillation

22
Q

what are the conditions and reagents required to make an alcohol into a ketone

A

reagents secondary alcohol, oxidising agent

conditions reflux

23
Q

what are the conditions and reagents required to make an alcohol into an ester

A

reagents carboxylic acid

conditions nothing specific

24
Q

what are the conditions and reagents to make a carboxylic acid into an ester

A

reagents alcohol

conditions nothing specific

A-level Chemistry (19 decks)

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