Chapter 16 Organic Synthesis Flashcards
describe reflux
heat something intensely
what 5 pieces of equipment are required for a reflux reaction
round bottom flask condensor rubber tubing stand and clamp heat source
describe distillation
heat a solution gently and then collect the condensed product to separate and purify a product
what pieces of equipment does a distillation reaction require that a reflux reaction does not
thermometer
beaker
what key piece of equipment is needed to purify solutions
separating funnels
name the 6 functional groups you needed to know
alkene alcohol haloalkane aldehyde ketone carboxylic acids
what is the alkene functional group
C=C
what is the alcohol functional group
-OH
what is the haloalkane functional group
- Cl
- Br
- I
- X
what is the aldehyde functional group
O=C-H
what is the ketone functional group
O
II
C-C-C
what is the carboxylic acid functional group
O=C-OH
what are the conditions and reagents required to make an alkene into an alkane
reagent H2
conditions Nickel Catalyst
what are the conditions and reagents required to make an alkane into an haloalkane
reagent any halogen
conditions UV energy
what are the conditions and reagents required to make a haloalkane into an alcohol
reagent NaOH (aq) conditions reflux
what are the conditions and reagents required to make an alcohol into a haloalkane
reagent sodium halide
conditions sulfuric acid catalyst
what are the conditions and reagents required to make an alkene into a haloalkane
reagent hydrogen halide
conditions nothing specific
what are the conditions and reagents required to make an alkene into an alcohol
reagent water
conditions phosphoric acid catalyst
what are the conditions and reagents required to make an alcohol into an alkene
reagents nothing specific
conditions concentrated sulfuric acid
what are the conditions and reagents required to make an alcohol into a carboxylic acid
reagents primary alcohol, excess of an oxidising agent
conditions reflux
what are the conditions and reagents required to make an alcohol into an aldehyde
reagents primary alcohol, oxidising agent
conditions distillation
what are the conditions and reagents required to make an alcohol into a ketone
reagents secondary alcohol, oxidising agent
conditions reflux
what are the conditions and reagents required to make an alcohol into an ester
reagents carboxylic acid
conditions nothing specific
what are the conditions and reagents to make a carboxylic acid into an ester
reagents alcohol
conditions nothing specific