Chapter 2 Atoms, Ions and Compounds Flashcards
what are the three subatomic particles
protons
electrons
neutrons
what is relative atomic mass
the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atom
what are the two properties of a proton
it has a relative atomic mass of one and a charge of 1+
what are the two properties of an electron
it has a relative atomic mass of zero and a charge of 1-
what are the two properties of a neutron
it has a relative atomic mass of one and a neutral charge
what is atomic number
the total number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
what are isotopes
atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and atomic masses
how do physical and chemical properties differ between isotopes
the chemical properties remain unchanged but the physical properties change
what is an ion
a charged atom
what are cations and anions
cations are positively charged ions
anions are negatively charged ions
what is relative isotopic mass
mass of an isotope relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
what is a mass spectrometer
piece of equipment used to find the relative atomic mass of an element
what is the first step of a mass spectrometer
sample is vaporised and then ionised to form positive ions
what is the second step of a mass spectrometer
the ions are accelerated so each ion is separated based on their mass
what is the third step of a mass spectrometer
the ions are detected as a mass-to-charge ratio. The greater the abundance the larger the signal detected
what is the ammonium ion
NH4 +
what is the hydroxide ion
OH -
what is the nitrate ions
NO3 -
NO2 -
what is the hydrogencarbonate ion
HCO3 -
what is the manganate (VII) ion
MNO4 -
what is the carbonate ion
CO3 2-
what is the sulfate ion
SO4 2-
what is the sulfite ion
SO3 2-
what is the dichromate (VI) ion
Cr2O7 2-
what is the phosphate ion
PO4 3-
what are the four state symbols and what do they represent
g gas
l liquid
s solid
aq aqueous solution
