Chapter 2 Atoms, Ions and Compounds Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three subatomic particles

A

protons
electrons
neutrons

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2
Q

what is relative atomic mass

A

the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atom

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3
Q

what are the two properties of a proton

A

it has a relative atomic mass of one and a charge of 1+

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4
Q

what are the two properties of an electron

A

it has a relative atomic mass of zero and a charge of 1-

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5
Q

what are the two properties of a neutron

A

it has a relative atomic mass of one and a neutral charge

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6
Q

what is atomic number

A

the total number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

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7
Q

what are isotopes

A

atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and atomic masses

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8
Q

how do physical and chemical properties differ between isotopes

A

the chemical properties remain unchanged but the physical properties change

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9
Q

what is an ion

A

a charged atom

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10
Q

what are cations and anions

A

cations are positively charged ions

anions are negatively charged ions

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11
Q

what is relative isotopic mass

A

mass of an isotope relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12

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12
Q

what is a mass spectrometer

A

piece of equipment used to find the relative atomic mass of an element

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13
Q

what is the first step of a mass spectrometer

A

sample is vaporised and then ionised to form positive ions

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14
Q

what is the second step of a mass spectrometer

A

the ions are accelerated so each ion is separated based on their mass

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15
Q

what is the third step of a mass spectrometer

A

the ions are detected as a mass-to-charge ratio. The greater the abundance the larger the signal detected

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16
Q

what is the ammonium ion

A

NH4 +

17
Q

what is the hydroxide ion

A

OH -

18
Q

what is the nitrate ions

A

NO3 -

NO2 -

19
Q

what is the hydrogencarbonate ion

A

HCO3 -

20
Q

what is the manganate (VII) ion

A

MNO4 -

21
Q

what is the carbonate ion

A

CO3 2-

22
Q

what is the sulfate ion

A

SO4 2-

23
Q

what is the sulfite ion

A

SO3 2-

24
Q

what is the dichromate (VI) ion

A

Cr2O7 2-

25
Q

what is the phosphate ion

A

PO4 3-

26
Q

what are the four state symbols and what do they represent

A

g gas
l liquid
s solid
aq aqueous solution