Chapter 3-Alkanes Flashcards
Alkenes
Double bond
Alkynes
Triple bonds
Arenes
Have alternating double and single bonds
Methane
CH4
One carbon
Ethane
Two carbons
Isomers
Molecules with same formula but different structures
Propane
3 carbons
Butane
4 carbons
Pentane
5 carbons
Hexane
6 carbons
Heptane
7 carbon
Octane
8 carbons
Nonane
9 carbons
Decane
10 carbons
Undecane
11 Carbon
Dodecane
12 carbon
Tridecane
13 carbons
Icocane
20 carbons
Triacontane
30 carbons
Steps to name straight
- Identify parent hydrocarbon (longest chain)
- Number the atoms in chain (start at the end closest to a branch)
- Identify the substituents (ei. 1-ethyl, 4-methyl)
- Write word (3-ethyl-4,7-dimethylnonane)
Alkane increased molecular weight
Increased boiling and melting points
Newman projection
The Mercedes sign looking thing
Energy minima
Staggered conformations
Energy maxima
Eclipsed conformations
Anti conformation
Lowest energy- the two big groups are as far away from each other as possible
Gauche conformation
Two big groups are 60 degrees apart
Steric strain
H-H eclipse
Torsional strain
H-CH3 eclipsed
Mostly torsional strain
CH3-CH3 eclipsed
Torsional and steric strain
Strain energy most to least
CH3-CH3 eclipse
CH3-H eclipse
H-H eclipse
CH3-CH3 gauche
Anti
Alkanes reactivity
Relatively unreactive and rarely involved in chemical reactions
Functional group
Group of atoms within a larger molecule that has a characteristic chemical reactivity
Saturated hydrocarbons
Alkanes
Alkane general formula
C(n) H(2n+2)
