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Organic Chem I > Chapter 2-Polar Covalent Bonds; Acids and Bases > Flashcards

Chapter 2-Polar Covalent Bonds; Acids and Bases Flashcards

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1
Q

Polar covalent bonds

A

Bonding electrons are attracted more strongly to one atom than the other so the electron distribution is not symmetrical

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2
Q

Electronegativity on table

A

Left to Right- electronegativity increases
Top to Bottom - decreases

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3
Q

Electrostatic potential maps

A

Red- electron rich
Blue- electron poor

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4
Q

Inductive effect

A

Shifting of electrons in a sigma bond in response to the electronegativity of nearby atoms

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5
Q

Dipole movement equation

A

μ = Q x r

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6
Q

Bronsted-lowry acid

A

Donates a hydrogen ion (proton)

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7
Q

Bronsted-lowry base

A

Accepts a hydrogen ion (proton)

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8
Q

Ka formula

A

Ka= [H3O+][A-] / [HA]

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9
Q

PKa formula

A

-logKa

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10
Q

Stronger acid pKa and Ka

A

pKa is smaller
Ka is larger

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11
Q

Weaker acid pKa and Ka

A

pKa is larger
Ka is smaller

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12
Q

A strong acid has a

A

Weak conjugate base

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13
Q

A weak acid has a

A

Strong conjugate base

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14
Q

A strong acid loses a H+

A

Easily meaning it’s conjugate holds it weakly making it a weak base

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15
Q

A weak acid loses an H+

A

With difficulty so it’s conjugate holds onto it tightly, making it a strong base

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16
Q

Organic acids

A

Presence of positively polarized hydrogen atom (blue on map)

17
Q

Organic bases

A

Presence of an atom with a lone pair of electrons (red on map) that can bond to a H

18
Q

Lewis acid

A

Accepts an electron pair

19
Q

Lewis base

A

Donates an electron pair

20
Q

Protonate

A

Add a proton to

21
Q

Dispersion forces

A

Happen between neighbouring molecules

22
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

H bonded to O or N
- very strong dipole

23
Q

Hydrophilic substances

A

Have many OH groups and can therefore form hydrogen bonds in water and dissolve

Organic Chem I (8 decks)

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