Chapter 3: Agriculture Flashcards
Soil composition
inorganic mineral particles
organic content
air (rich in CO2)
water
Define humus
organic matter of living plants, animals and microorganisms and their decaying remains
Clay
less than 0.002 mm
tiny spaces
greatest water holding capacity
smallest particles
drains slowly
takes longer to warm up
Silt
between 0.002 and 0.05 mm
well drained
holds more moisture
easily wet
Sand
between 0.05 and 2 mm
water drains easily
warms up quickly
dries easily
prone to become acidic
Define leaching
rain washes away plant nutrients so soil becomes infertile and acidic
Loam
mixture of clay silt sand
well drained
fertile
easily cultivated
Soils are a medium for plant growth
mineral ions
organic content
pH
Mineral ions
nitrogen (nitrate ions) - combines with glucose to form amino acids for proteins
phosphorus (phosphate ions) - cell membrane for respiration
potassium - enzymes for photosynthesis
magnesium - manufacturing chlorophyll for photosynthesis
Organic matter
remains of a dead plant or animal decomposed by microorganisms into humus
reservoir for nutrients for absorption by plants
improves water holding capacity of soil
prevents water logging
improve soil structure by binding
prevents soil erosion
increased infiltration prevents drying
pH of soil for agriculture
ability of plants to absorb nutrients from mineral ions/ organic matter in soil water
nutrient deficiency as some nutrients aren’t dissolved so no uptake - disproportioned
acidic - phosphorus and magnesium low while metal ions reach toxic levels
alkaline - plant growth restricted as lack of iron, decrease in solubility as high level of calcium and uptake of potassium
pH of soil over time
becomes acidic
rainfall weathers soil- leaches out magnesium
decomposition
burning of fossil fuels causes acid rainfall
chemical based fertilisers
How farmers control pH level
increase:
liming
adding ground limestone/ calcium carbonate with magnesium
decrease:
adding large quantities of organic matter
Differences between sandy and clay soil
air content
water content
drainage
ease of cultivation
How to make cultivation easier
add organic matter
increases nutrient holding capacity
increases ph levels
improves soil structure
improves water holding capacity
improves drainage