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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic unit of life?

A

a cell

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2
Q

3 major parts of a composite cell

A

nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane

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3
Q

Phospholipid Bilayer

A

Hydrophilic head and Hydrophobic tails

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4
Q

Mutation in Na (sodium)

A

can cause inability to feel pain

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5
Q

Mutation in K (potassium)

A

disrupt electrical activity of the heart

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6
Q

abnormal Cl channels

A

cna cause Cystic Fibrosis

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7
Q

Cytoplasm

A

a network of membranes and organelles suspended in cytosol

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8
Q

Cytosol

A

fluid portion of the cytoplasm

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9
Q

Organelles

A

tiny “organs” of the cell

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10
Q

Ribosomes

A

enzyme activity to link A.A in protein synthesis

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11
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Rough ER- protein synthesis

Smooth ER- lipid synthesis

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12
Q

Vesicles

A

membranous sacs that store or transport substances

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13
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

membranous sacs refines, packages and delivers proteins made in RER

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14
Q

Mitochondria

A

a double membrane sac that extracts energy from nutrients used to make ATP and use for cellular respiration

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15
Q

Lysosomes

A

small membranous sacs that acts like a cells garbage disposal

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16
Q

Centrosomes

A

produce spindal fibers during cell division

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17
Q

Cilia

A

Propel mucus in respiratory tract, propel egg toward uterus

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18
Q

Flagella

A

motile extensions of cell membrane

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19
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

threadlike structures in cytoplasm

20
Q

Vacuoles

A

store food and nutrients, might remove waste

21
Q

MELAS

A

mutant gene in mitochondrial DNA and person cannot extract energy from nutrients

22
Q

Krabbe Disease

A

inability to break down a lysosomal enzyme that is necessary to break down glycolipids into nerve cells

23
Q

ADL

A

caused by the lack of proteins in the membrane of peroxisomes, fatty acid build up, destroys nerve cells

24
Q

Three parts of cell nucleus

A

Nuclear Envelope- seperates nucleoplasm from cytoplasm
Nucleulus- dense body of RNA, site of ribosomes production
Chromatin- stores information for protein synthesis

25
Q

Diffusion

A

movement of high to low concentration; no ATP required

26
Q

Osmosis

A

diffusion of water from a region of high to low concentration

27
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

diffusion across cell membrane through channel proteins; no ATP

28
Q

Endocytosis

A

movement of a substance into the cell

29
Q

Pinocytosis

A

engulfs droplets of liquids; form of endocytosis

30
Q

Phagocytosis

A

engulfs solid particules; form of endocytosis

31
Q

Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

A

membrane engulfs substance which have bound to receptor proteins

32
Q

Exocytosis

A

release of a substance

33
Q

Isotonic

A

same osmotic pressure; no net movement

34
Q

Hypertonic

A

cells lose water; cell shrivel up

35
Q

Hypotonic

A

cells gain water; cell ruptures

36
Q

What is the Cell Cycle?

A

a series of changes a cell goes from the time it forms until the time it divides

37
Q

Interphase

A

cell grows and maintain normal function, replicates DNA; consists of the S phase and G2 phase

38
Q

Mitosis

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

39
Q

Cytokinesis

A

division of the cytoplasm; G1 phase

40
Q

Prophase

A

chromatin condenses and nucleolus disperses

41
Q

Metaphase

A

chromosomes attach to spindle fibers and align midway between centrioles

42
Q

Anaphase

A

chromosomes separate and move opposite directions

43
Q

Telophase

A

chromosomes return to chromatin structure, nucleoli become visible

44
Q

2 types of tumors

A

benign and malignant

45
Q

2 types of genes that cause cancer

A

oncogenes- genes that control cell cycle but over expressed

Tumor supressor- nomally limit mitosis but inactivated they cant regulate mitosis

Anatomy and Physiology (7 decks)

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