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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Matter

A

takes up space and has mass

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2
Q

Element

A

simplest type of matter

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3
Q

Atom

A

smallest particle of an element

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4
Q

Bulk Element

A

required by the body in large amounts (CHONP)

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5
Q

Trace Element

A

required by the body in small amounts

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6
Q

Atomic Mass

A

number of protons plus the number of neutrons in an atom of an element

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7
Q

Atomic Number

A

number of protons in an atom of an element

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8
Q

Ion

A

atom that can gain or lose electrons

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9
Q

Cation

A

a (+) charged ion, forms when loses electrons

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10
Q

Anion

A

a (-) charged ion, forms when gaining electrons

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11
Q

Ionic Bonds

A

electrons are transfered (attraction between cation and anion)

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12
Q

Covalent Bonds

A

chemical bonds that share electrons

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13
Q

Hydrogen Bonds

A

weak bond between a hydrogen atom and an oxygen atom

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14
Q

Synthesis Rxn

A

complex chemical structure is formed

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15
Q

Decomposition Rxn

A

bonds are broken to form chemical structure

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16
Q

Exchange Rxn

A

chemical bonds are broken and new bonds form

17
Q

Reversible Rxn

A

products can change back to reactants and reactants can create products

18
Q

Acid

A

the release of hydrogen ions; ph lower than 7

19
Q

Base

A

release of hydroxyl ions; ph higher than 7

20
Q

Salt

A

electrolytes formed by an acid and base

21
Q

Alkalosis

A

blood ph rises to 7.5-7.8

symptoms: high breathing, high fever, excess antacids

22
Q

Acidosis

A

blood ph drops to 7.0-7.3

symptoms: vomiting, diabetes

23
Q

Organic Molecule

A

contains carbon and hydrogen, dissolve in water and organic liquids, macromolecules

24
Q

Inorganic Molecule

A

does not contain Carbon and hydrogen , dissolves in water

25
Q

Carbohydrates

A

carbs are the main source of cellular energy, they are used for short term energy, and they contain (CHO)

26
Q

Lipids

A

used/store long term energy, insolvable in water, and component of cell membrane

27
Q

Three types of lipids

A

triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids

28
Q

Proteins

A

used as structural material, hormones, and enzymes

29
Q

Structure of Amino Acid

A

amino group, carboxyl group, a unique R group

30
Q

Nucleic Acids

A

carry genetic code or aid in protein synthesis

31
Q

Structure of Nucleic Acids

A

5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base

Anatomy and Physiology (7 decks)

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