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Psyc355 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

Neuronal membrane at rest

1
Q

Foot+Tack response pathway

A

pinch skin-sensory neuron (into dorsal root)-spinal cord (CNS)-brain-spinal cord (out of ventral root)-motor neuron-mechanical/motor response

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2
Q

Cytosol and Extracellular fluid

A

key ingredient (polar water molecule is solvent)

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3
Q

Ions

A

contain spheres of hydration when ionized

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4
Q

lipids

A

hydrophobic and contribute or resting and action potentials (dont dissolve in water due to even electrical charge)

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5
Q

proteins/structure

A

enzymes, cytoskeletal elements, receptors, special transmembrane proteins (that control resting and action potentials)

R-group+alpha carbon+amino acid tails (peptide bonds form polypeptides)

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6
Q

four levels of protein structures

A

primary
secondary
tertiary
quaternary

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7
Q

Channel Proteins

A

contain polar R groups and nonpolar R groups across phospholipid bilayer (subunits make the whole); purpose is ion selectivity and gating

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8
Q

Ion pumps

A

formed by membrane spanning proteins, ATP using, neuronal signaling

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9
Q

Diffusion

A

Ionic flow down concentration gradient; channels permeable to specific ions, concentration gradient is across the membrane

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10
Q

electrical conductance (g)

A

g=1/R

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11
Q

Resistance (R)

A

R=1/g

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12
Q

Electrical current flow across a membrane

A

Ohm’s law: Current=(conductance)(potential)

I=gV

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13
Q

resting potential

A

Inside (-ve)vs relative outside (+ve); -65mV

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14
Q

Equilibrium potential (Eion)

A

equilibrium reached when K+ channels inserted into the phospholipid bilayer; electrical potential difference that exactly balances ionic concentration gradient

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15
Q

Equilibrium potentials (4 important notes)

A
  1. Large changes in Vmemb=miniscule changes in ionic concentrations
  2. Net difference in electrical change inside and outside of membrane surface
  3. Rate of movement of ions across membrane is proportional to Vmemb-Eion
  4. if Concentration difference is known: equilibrium potential can be calculated
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16
Q

nernst equation

A

used to calculate the exact value of equilibrium potential for EACH ION separately in mV: Considers: 1.charge of ion 2. Temperature 3. Ratio of the external and internal ion concentrations

17
Q

K+ (ratio of out:in/Eion)

A

1:20/-80mV

18
Q

Na+(ratio of out:in/Eion)

A

10:1/62mV

19
Q

Ca2+(ratio of out:in/Eion)

A

10 000:1/123mV

20
Q

Cl-(ratio of out:in/Eion)

A

11.5:1/-65mV

21
Q

At rest, which ions are more concentrated outside, which ions are more concentrated inside?

A

outside: sodium, calcium, chloride
inside: potassium

22
Q

Sodium potassium pump

A

enzyme breaks down ATP when Na+ is present

23
Q

Calcium pump

A

actively transports Ca2+ out of cytosol

24
Q

Goldman equation

A

takes into account permeability of membrane to different ions

25
Q

determinant of membrane potential

A

membrane permeability determines membrane potential (since neurons are permeable to more than one type of ion)

26
Q

Key determinant in resting membrane potential

A

Potassium channels

27
Q

potassium channels(Lily and Yuh Nung Jan)

A

Shaker potassium channel

28
Q

Mackinnon (2003 nobel prize)

A

neurological disorders due to mutations of specific potassium channels are inherited

29
Q

How many subunits in potassium channels?

A

4

30
Q

channel selectivity in potassium channels

A

K+ ions

31
Q

Why is Resting membrane potential close to Ek

A

Because it is mostly permeable to K+, membrane potential is sensitive to extracellular K+

32
Q

What happens when an increase of extracellular K+ ions/what regulates external potassium concentration?

A

depolarizes membrane potential/blood brain barrier and potassium spatial buffering (astrocyte)

33
Q

Sodium potassium pump

A

works against the concentration gradient: 3 potassium back in for 2 sodium back out to restore the large K+ concentration gradient

Psyc355 (8 decks)

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