Chapter 3 Flashcards
Mitochondria
Use the breakdown of carbohydrates to produce ATP.
>Site of cellular respiration.
Contain their own DNA.
Found in almost all eukaryotic cell— Including plants and algae.
Plant Cells
Larger
Fixed shape
Cell wall and plasma membrane
One large vacuole
Contain chloroplast (plastids)
No Lysosomes
No Cilia
No centrioles
Chloroplasts
Use solar energy to synthesize carbohydrates.
>Site of photosynthesis in plants and algae
Prokaryotic Cell
cells that lack a membrane-bound nucleus
structurally simple
metabolically diverse
adapted to most types of environments
Major structures in eukaryotic cells
Plasma membrane
nucleus
membrane-bound organelles
ribosomes
Explain how the endomembrane system works
A series of compartments that work together to package, label, and ship proteins and molecules.
These compartments are folds of membranes that form tubes and sacs in your cells.
Made up of both the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus.
Eukaryotic Cell
cells possess a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles
structurally complex
make up animals, plants, fungi, and protists
major functions of eukaryotic cell structures
Plasma membrane: defines cell boundary, regulates molecule passage into and out of cells
Nucleus: storage of genetic info, synthesis of DNA and RNA
Membrane-bound organelles: An organelle is an organized and specialized structure within a living cell. >Which include: nucleus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, vacuoles, lysosomes, mitochondria, and, in plants, chloroplasts.
Ribosomes: protein synthesis
similarities between mitochondria and chloroplasts
Both specialize in converting energy into useable forms for cells.
Animal Cells
Smaller
Irregular shape
No cell wall (only plasma membrane)
Lysosomes
Small Vacuoles
No chloroplast (plastids)
Cilia
Centrioles
