Chapter 23

Question 1

Mendel’s Law of Independent assortment

Answer 1

each pair of genes assorts without regard to how the others separate

Question 2

Mendel’s Law of Segregation

Answer 2

homologous genes separate during the formation of gametes

Question 3

genotype

Answer 3

alleles on the chromosome that are responsible for a certain trait

Question 4

The genotypic and phenotypic ratios of a one-trait and two-trait

Answer 4

Genotypic Ratio One-Trait = 1:2:1
Phenotypic Ratio One-Trait = 3:1

Phenotypic Ratio Two-Trait = 9:3:3:1

Question 5

The genotypic and phenotypic differences between homozygous dominant, heterozygous, and homozygous recessive alleles for a trait

Answer 5

Genotype FF - Homozygous Dominant
Phenotype FF - Freckles

Genotype Ff - Heterozygous
Phenotype Ff- Freckles

Genotype ff - Homozygous Recessive
Phenotype ff - No Freckles

Question 6

Allele

Answer 6

alternate forms of a gene for a trait, indicated by letters

Question 7

locus

Answer 7

where alleles for a specific gene are found on a chromosome.

Question 8

homologous chromosomes

Answer 8

In plants and humans, chromosomes come in pairs called homologous chromosomes.

One member of the pair is inherited from the mother, and the other is inherited from the father.

Homologous pairs have certain characteristics.
>Both members have same length and centromere location.
>Both carry similar types of genes.
>Alternate forms of a gene for a trait are called alleles, indicated by letters such as G and g.
>Alleles for a particular gene are found at a locus.

Question 9

sister chromatids

Answer 9

one of two genetically identical chromosomal units that are the result of DNA replication and are attached to each other at the centromere

Question 10

phenotype

Answer 10

an individual’s actual appearance

May include physical characteristics or microscopic and metabolic characteristics.