Chapter 3

Question 1

Central tendency

Answer 1

A value used to summarize a set of score; also known as the average.

Question 2

Deviation score

Answer 2

A measure of how far a score falls from the mean, calculated by subtracting the mean from the score.

Question 3

Interquartile range

Answer 3

A measure of variability for interval-or ratio-level Data; the distance covered by the middle 50% of scores; abbreviated IQR.

Question 4

Mean

Answer 4

An average calculated for interval- or ratio- level data by summing all the values in a data set and dividing by the number of cases; abbreviated M.

Question 5

Median

Answer 5

An average calculated by finding the score associated with the middle case, the case that separates the top half of scores from the bottom half; abbreviated Mdn; can be calculated for ordinal-, interval-, or ratio-level data.

Question 6

Mode

Answer 6

The score that occurs with the greatest frequency.

Question 7

Outlier

Answer 7

An extreme (unusual) score that falls far away from the rest of the scores in a set of data.

Question 8

Range

Answer 8

A measure of variability for interval-, or ratio- level data; the distance from the lowest score to the highest score.

Question 9

Standard deviation

Answer 9

A measure of variability for interval- or ratio-level data; the square root of the variance; a measure of the average distance that scores fall from the mean.

Question 10

Sum of squares

Answer 10

Squaring a set of scores and then adding together the squared scores; abbreviated SS.

Question 11

Variability

Answer 11

How much variety ( spread or dispersion) there is in a set of scores.

Question 12

Variance

Answer 12

A measure of variability for interval- or ratio-level data; the men’s of the squared deviation scores.