Chapter 1

Question 1

PEMDAS

Answer 1

Parenthesis, exponents, multiplication, division, addition, subtraction

Question 2

Cases

Answer 2

The participants in or subjects of a study.

Question 3

Confounding variable

Answer 3

A third variable in correlational and quasi-experimental designs that is not controlled for and that has an impact on both of the other variables.

Question 4

Correlational design

Answer 4

A scientific study in which the relationship between two variables is examined without any attempt to manipulate or control them.

Question 5

Criterion variable

Answer 5

The outcome variable in a correlational design

Question 6

Dependent variable

Answer 6

The variable where the effect is measured in an experimental or quasi-experimental study.

Question 7

Descriptive statistic

Answer 7

A summary statement about a set of cases.

Question 8

Experimental design

Answer 8

A scientific study in which an explanatory variable is manipulated or controlled by the experimenter and the effect is measured in s dependent variable.

Question 9

Explanatory variable

Answer 9

The variable that causes, predicts, or explains the outcome variable.

Question 10

Grouping variable

Answer 10

The variable that is the explanatory variable in s quasi-experimental design.

Question 11

Independent variable

Answer 11

The variable that is controlled by the experimenter in an experimental design.

Question 12

Inferential statistic

Answer 12

Using observations from a sample to draw conclusions about a population.

Question 13

Interval-level numbers

Answer 13

Numbers that provide information about how much an attribute is possessed , as well as information about same/different and more/less; interval-level numbers have equality and an arbitrary zero point.

Question 14

Nominal-level numbers

Answer 14

Numbers used to place cases in categories; numbers are arbitrary and only provide information about same/different.

Question 15

Ordinal-level numbers

Answer 15

Numbers used to indicate if more or less of an attribute is possessed; numbers provide information about same/different and more/less.

Question 16

Outcome variable

Answer 16

The variable that is caused, predicted, or influenced by the explanatory variable.

Question 17

Parameter

Answer 17

A value that summarizes a population

Question 18

Population

Answer 18

Th larger group of cases a researcher is interested in studying.

Question 19

Predictor variable

Answer 19

The explanatory variable in a correlational design.

Question 20

Quasi-experimental design

Answer 20

A scientific study in which cases are classified into naturally occurring groups and then compared in a dependent variable.

Question 21

Random assignment

Answer 21

Every case has an equal chance of being assigned to either group in an experiment; random assignment is the hallmark of an experiment.

Question 22

Ratio-level numbers

Answer 22

numbers that have all the attributes of interval-level numbers, plus a real zero point4 numbers that provide information about same/different. More/less, how much an attribute is possessed , and that can be used to calculate a proportion.

Question 23

Sample

Answer 23

A group of cases selected from a population.

Question 24

Statistic

Answer 24

A value that summarizes data from a sample.

Question 25

Statistics

Answer 25

Techniques used to summarize data in order to answer questions.

Question 26

Variables

Answer 26

Characteristics measured by researchers.