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Pysch 205 - Principles of Psychology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are neurons?

A

Building blocks of the nervous system; a nerve cell specialized for communication.

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2
Q

How does communication between neurons occur?

A

Communication occurs via electrochemical action.

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3
Q

Where does the electrical activity occur?

A

Inside the neuron.

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4
Q

Where does the chemical activity occur?

A

Between the neurons.

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5
Q

What are neurotransmitters?

A

Chemical messengers specialized for communication from neuron to neuron.

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6
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Selective attention, sleep, memory, arousal

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7
Q

What issue is connected to ACh?

A

Alzheimer’s disease. When neurons containing ACh are destroyed, it causes severe memory loss.

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8
Q

Dopamine

A

Movement, addiction, pleasure, motivation

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9
Q

What issue is connected to dopamine?

A

Parkinson’s disease.

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10
Q

Serotonin

A

Mood regulation, aggression

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11
Q

What does low levels of serotonin cause?

A

Depressive symptoms, aggression, and impulse control problems.

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12
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Attention, arousal, sleep.

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13
Q

What does low levels of norepinephrine cause?

A

Chronic fatigue and depression.

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14
Q

Glutamate

A

Excitatory, enhances learning and memory.

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15
Q

GABA

A

Inhibitory, anxiety regulation

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16
Q

Anadamide

A

Appetite, motivation

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17
Q

What drug fits with anadamide receptors?

A

THC

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18
Q

Endorphins

A

Not actually a neurotransmitter, but:

Pain reduction, mood enhancing

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19
Q

Agonist

A

Drugs that mimic or increase the action of a neurotransmitter

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20
Q

Antagonist

A

Drugs that oppose or block the action of neurotransmitters

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21
Q

Hindbrain

A

Controls basic functions of life

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22
Q

Midbrain

A

Sensory relay station

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23
Q

Forebrain

A

Intellect, information processing

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24
Q

Corpus callocum

A

Structure that connects the right and left hemispheres of the brain that allows them to communicate

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25
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Motor function, memory, attention, control, planning, aggression, decision making, organization

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26
Q

Prefrontal cortex

A

Conscious thought, behavioural inhibition, planning, mood, personality expression

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27
Q

What kind of neurons does the frontal lobe have and what do they do?

A

Mirror neurons - activated by performing an action or seeing another person perform an action, involved in acquiring motor skills

28
Q

Motor cortex

A

On the border between the frontal and parietal lobes, the body is mapped onto this strip of the cortex

29
Q

Parietal lobes

A

Touch, perception of space

Info from left side is transferred to right side (and vice verse) via the parietal lobes

30
Q

Somatosensory cortex

A

In parietal lobes

Body is mapped onto this strip of cortex

31
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Hearing, understanding language, storing autobiographical memories, object recognition, facial recognition

32
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Vision, visual information from each eye is sent to the opposite side of the brain

33
Q

Basal ganglia

A

Control movement, source of dopamine

34
Q

Limbic system

A

Emotional center, smell, motivation, memory

35
Q

Thalamus

A

Sensory relay station for incoming sensory info

36
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Regulates basic biological needs: fight/flight, hunger, thirst, sex, emotional behaviours (motivation to survive)
4 F’s: fight, flight, food, fuck

37
Q

Amyglada (in temporal lobe)

A

Fear, excitement, arousal

38
Q

Hippocampus

A

Spatial and episodic memory, creation of new memories

39
Q

Midbrain

A

Movement, tracking visual stimuli, sound reflexes

40
Q

Brain stem

A

Basic bodily functions that keep us alive

41
Q

Reticular activation system

A

Sleep/wake cycle, pain perception, attention

42
Q

Cerebellum

A

Motor coordination

43
Q

Pons

A

Sleep, source of norepinephrine

44
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

Heartbeat, breathing, reflexes (sneezing, coughing, vomiting)

45
Q

Spinal cord

A

Carries signals between brain and body

46
Q

Afferent nerves

A

Take sensory info from body and give it to spinal cord and brain

47
Q

Efferent nerves

A

Takes info from brain and gives it to body

48
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Nerves that extend outside the central nervous system

49
Q

Somatic nervous system (in PNS)

A

Controls voluntary movement

50
Q

Autonomic nervous system (in PNS)

A

Involuntary functions of organs and glands (heart rate, respiration, digestion)

51
Q

Sympathetic nervous system (in ANS)

A

Excitatory, fight/flight, anxiety and stress

52
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system (in ANS)

A

Inhibitory, rest/digest, subdues anxiety and conserves bodily resources

53
Q

Electroencephalograph (EEG)

A

Monitors electrical activity. Examine sleep patterns and info processing

54
Q

Lesioming

A

Brain damage caused by accident, stroke, or surgery

55
Q

CT

A

X-rays to examine brain structure

56
Q

PET

A

Radioactive material to asses functions of brain

57
Q

MRI

A

Map brain structure using magnetic fields

58
Q

FMRI

A

Measures blood flow and oxygen, assesses both structure and function

59
Q

Lateralization

A

A function if specialized to a specific hemisphere

60
Q

Left hemisphere

A

Language

61
Q

Right hemisphere

A

Facial recognition

62
Q

Broca’s area

A

Speech production, grammatical structures in language, in motor cortex in left frontal lobe

63
Q

Broca’s Aphasia

A

Deficits in speech production (know what they’re saying, can’t get the words out)

64
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

Language comprehension

65
Q

Wernicke’s Aphasia

A

Deficits in understanding language

66
Q

Prosopagnosia

A

Inability to recognize faces (viewing faces as objects)

Pysch 205 - Principles of Psychology (5 decks)

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