Chapter 3 Flashcards
Soma
Cell body of a neuron.
Myelin Sheath
Insulating material that catches some axons.
Axons
Fiber that carries signals away from soma to other cells.
Terminal Buttons
Small knobs (at the end of axons) that release neurotransmitters at synapses.
Glia
Cells that support neurons and contribute to signaling in the nervous system.
Acetylcholine (Neurotransmitter’s behavior)
Released by neurons that control skeletal muscles.
Serotonin (Neurotransmitter’s behavior)
Involved w/ sleep, arousal & aggression. Abnormal levels linked to depression.
Dopamine (Neurotransmitter’s behavior)
Abnormal levels linked to schizophrenia. Activated by cocaine and Amphetamines.
GABA (Neurotransmitter’s behavior)
Inhibitory transmitter that contributes to regulation of anxiety.
Endorphins (Neurotransmitter’s behavior)
Opiate-like chemicals involved in modulation of pain.
Mirror Neurons
Monkey see, monkey do.
Functions of Neurons
To conduct, receive, or transmit impulses in the nervous system.
Nervous System divided into two parts called
Central Nervous System & Peripheral Nervous System.
Central Nervous System is separated into two parts:
Brain & Spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System is separated into two parts:
Somatic Nervous System & Autonomic Nervous System.
Somatic Nervous System is made up of
Nerves to voluntary muscles, sensory receptors.
Afferent & Efferent
Autonomic Nervous System is made up of
Nerves to heart, blood vessels, smooth muscles, & glands.
Sympathetic division & parasympathetic division.
Afferent
Incoming nerves
Efferent
Outgoing nerves
Sympathetic Division
Mobilizes body resources
Parasympathetic division
Conserves bodily resources
Cerebellum
Coordinates fine muscle movement & balance.
Limbic System is
Loosely connected network that contributes to emotions, memory, motivation and reward.
Limbic System includes
Hippocampus & Amygdala
Hippocampus
Contributes to memory
Occipital Lobes
Primary visual cortex. (Sight)
Temporal lobes
Primary auditory cortex. (Hearing)
Parietal lobes
Primary somatic-sensory cortex. (Touch)
Frontal lobes
Primary motor cortex (do)
Prefrontal Cortex is located in the
Frontal lobes
Prefrontal cortex used for
Planning and organization.
Left hemisphere of the brain is responsible for
Verbal processing, language, speech, reading, & writing.
Right hemisphere is responsible for
Nonverbal processing, musical processing, and visual recognition tasks.
Closer relatives share _____ genetic overlap.
Greater
Genetic Mapping puts effort into linking:
Specific genes to specific traits.
Research indicates that most behavioral qualities are influenced jointly by:
Heredity & environment
