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Industrial/Organizational Psychology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Individual differences

A

Dissimilarities between or among two or more people

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2
Q

Mental test

A

Instrument designed to measure a subject’s ability to reason, plan, and solve problems; an intelligence test

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3
Q

Differential psychology

A

Scientific study of differences between or among two or more people

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4
Q

Intelligence

A

The ability to learn and adapt to an environment; used to refer to general intellectual capacity

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5
Q

Mental ability

A

Capacity to reason, plan, and solve problems; cognitive ability

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6
Q

Metric

A

Standard of measurement; a scale

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7
Q

Psychometrics

A

Practice of measuring a characteristic such as mental ability, placing it on a scale or metric

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8
Q

Intelligence test

A

Instrument designed to measure the ability to reason, learn, and solve problems

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9
Q

Psychometrician

A

Psychologist trained in measuring characteristics such as mental ability

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10
Q

Cognitive ability

A

Capacity to reason, plan, and solve problems; mental ability

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11
Q

g

A

Abbreviation for general mental ability

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12
Q

General mental ability

A

Capacity to reason, learn, and solve problems in any of a wide varieties of ways and circumstances

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13
Q

g-ocentric model

A

Tendency to understand and predict behavior of workers be examining g

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14
Q

Physical abilities

A

Bodily powers such as muscular strength, flexibility, and stamina

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15
Q

Personality

A

An individual’s behavioral and emotional characteristics

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16
Q

Interests

A

Preferences or likings for broad ranges of activities

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17
Q

Knowledge

A

A collection of specific and interrelated facts and information about a particular topical area

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18
Q

Emotion

A

An effect or feeling; displayed in reaction to an event or thought

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19
Q

Taxonomy

A

Orderly, scientific system of classification

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20
Q

Perceptual-motor abilities

A

Physical attributes that combine the senses and motion

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21
Q

Affect

A

The conscious subjective aspect of emotion

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22
Q

IQ

A

Measure of intelligence obtained by gibing a subject a standardized IQ test; ratio of subjects mental age to chronological age x 100

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23
Q

Meta-analysis

A

Statistical method for combining an analyzing the results from many studies to draw a general conclusion about the relationship btwn variables

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24
Q

Stamina

A

Physical ability to supply muscles with oxygenated blood through a cardiovascular system; endurance

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25
Q

Sensory abilities

A

Vision, hearing, touch, smell, taste and being able to notice changes in body position

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26
Q

Americans with Disabilities Act

A

Requiring employers to give applicants and employees with disabilities the same consideration as other applicants and employees

27
Q

Psychomotor abilities

A

Coordination, dexterity, and reaction time

28
Q

Big five

A 
Openness
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
29
Q

Conscientiousness

A

Quality of having positive intentions and carrying them out with care

30
Q

Agreeableness

A

Likeable, easy to get along with, friendly

31
Q

Integrity

A

Being honest, reliable, ethical

32
Q

Achievement

A

Hard work, persistence, desire to do good work

33
Q

Dependability

A

Disciplined, well organized, respectful of laws and regulations, honest, trustworthy, and accepting of authority

34
Q

Skills

A

Practiced acts, such as shooting a basketball, using a keyboard, or persuading someone to buy something

35
Q

People skills

A

Negotiating, communicating, and conflict resolution

36
Q

Tacit knowledge

A

Action-oriented, goal-directed knowledge, acquired without direct help from others; street smarts

37
Q

Procedural knowledge

A

Knowing procedure or process; knowing how

38
Q

Declarative knowledge

A

Understanding what is required to perform a task; knowing info about a job

39
Q

Competencies

A

Behaviors that are essential to accomplish a desired outcome

40
Q

Job analysis

A

Process that determines the important tasks of a job and the human attributes necessary to successfully perform those tasks

41
Q

Emotional intelligence

A

Intelligence focused on people’s awareness of their own and other’s emotions; EQ is the score you earn

42
Q

Norming

A

Comparing a test score to other relevant test scores

43
Q

Norm group

A

Group whose test scores are used to compare and understand an individual’s test score

44
Q

Test battery

A

Collection of tests that usually assess a variety of attributes

45
Q

Speed test

A

Test with demanding time limits; most takers are unable to finish

46
Q

Power test

A

Test with no time limits; all takers can finish in time given

47
Q

Group test

A

Test that can be administered to a large group of individuals; valuable in reducing costs-time and money

48
Q

Paper and pencil tests

A

Most common form of test that requires no manipulation of any objects other than the instrument used to respond with

49
Q

Performance test

A

Test that requires the individual to make a response by manipulating a particular physical object or piece of equipment

50
Q

Bias

A

Situation where a test results in errors of prediction for a subgroup

51
Q

Fairness

A

Value judgement about actions or decisions based on test scores

52
Q

Cognitive ability test

A

Test that lets people show what they know, perceive, remember, understand, or can work with mentally

53
Q

Cognitive test battery

A

Collection of tests that assess several cognitive abilities

54
Q

Knowledge test

A

Test that assess the extent to which you know the material

55
Q

Screen-out test

A

Test used to eliminate candidates that are clearly unsuitable for employment; identify signs of psychopathology

56
Q

Screen-in test

A

Test used to add information about positive attributes of a candidate that might predict outstanding performance; identify variations of normal personality

57
Q

Overt integrity test

A

Asks about past honesty behavior such as company theft

58
Q

Personality-based integrity test

A

Infers honesty from questions dealing with broad constructs that demonstrate integrity

59
Q

Structured interview

A

Very specific questions asked of each candidate; tightly crafted scoring system

60
Q

Situational interview

A

Asked to describe in specific detail how they would respond to a hypothetical situation

61
Q

Unstructured interview

A

Includes much broader questions that vary by candidate and allow candidate to answer in whatever way they want

62
Q

Assessment center

A

Procedures administered to groups of individuals rather than single individuals; multiple assessors

63
Q

Work sample tests

A

Measure job skills by taking samples of behavior under realistic job-like conditions

64
Q

Situational judgement test

A

Present the candidate with a scenario and ask the candidate to choose the best response from options

Industrial/Organizational Psychology (6 decks)

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