Chapter 1 Flashcards
IO psychology
Application of psychological principles, theory, and research to the work setting
Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP)
Association that IO psychologists-practitioners and researchers, belong.
Personnel psychology
Field of psychology that addresses issues such as:
- recruitment
- selection
- training
- recruitment
- promotion
- performance appraisal
- transfer
- termination
Human resources management
Recruitment, selection, retention, training, and development of people in order to achieve individual and organizational goals
Organizational psychology
Field of psychology that combines research from social psychology and organizational behavior to address the emotional and motivational side of work
Human engineering/human factors psychology
Study of capacities and limitations of humans with respect to a particular environment
Scientists-practitioner model
Model that uses scientific tools and research in the practice of IO psychology
-Ex: CSI staff examining a body
TIP (The IO Psychologist)
Quarterly newsletter published by the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology that provides psychologist with the latest and relevant info about the field
Welfare-to-work program
Program that requires individuals to work in return for govt. subsidies
Telecommuting
Accomplishing work tasks from a distant location using electronic communication media
-Ex: doing work from home
Virtual team
Team that has widely dispersed members working together toward a common goal and linked through computers and other technology
Stanford-Binet test
Intelligence test designed to test one individual at a time
- originally developed by Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon in 1905
- updated in 1916 by Lewis Terman at Standford (which gave it its name)
Scientific method
Movement based on principles developed by Frederick Taylor, who said there was one best and most efficient way of doing various jobs
Time and motion studies
Studies that broke every action down, timed each motion, and developed more efficient movements that reduced fatigue and increased productivity
-Frederick Taylor
Revery obsession
A mental state resulting from the mind-numbing, repetitive, and difficult work that characterizes U.S. factories in the early 20th century, causing factory workers to be unhappy, prone to resist management attempts to increase productivity, and sympathetic to labor units
Hawthorne studies
Research done at the Hawthorne, Illinois, plant of electric company that wanted to increase productivity and attitudes of workers by manipulating lighting, rest breaks, and work hours
Human relations movement
Results of the Hawthorne studies ushered this movement, which focused on work attitudes and the newly discovered emotional world of the worker
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Prohibiting employment discrimination and discrimination of practices based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
American Psychological Association (APA)
The major professional organization for psychologists of all kinds in the U.S.
Culture
System in which individuals share meanings and common ways of viewing events and objects
West vs. the rest
Applying American theories to non-American situations
Expatriate
Manager or professional assigned to work in a location outside of his or her country
Collectivist culture
Culture that values group more than individual
Individualist culture
Culture that values individual more than group
Hofstede’s Theory
Individualism/collectivism (self vs group)
Power distance (how less powerful group members accept unequal distribution of power)
Uncertainty avoidance (structured vs unstructured situations)
Masculinity/femininity (aggressive vs nurturing)
Long term vs short term orientation (immediate vs delayed gratification of their needs)
Horizontal culture
Culture that minimizes distance btwn individuals-everyone is at the same power level
Vertical culture
Culture that accepts and depends upon distance btwn individuals-hierarchy of power
