Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Industrial/Organizational Psychology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Science

A

Approach that involves the understanding, prediction, and control of some phenomenon of interest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hypothesis

A

Prediction about relationship(s) among variables of interest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Disinteredness

A

Characteristic of scientists, who should be objective and uninfluenced by biases or prejudices when conducting research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Expert witness

A

Witness in a lawsuit who is permitted to voice opinions about organizational practices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Research design

A

Provides overall structure for the research study and allows investigations to conduct scientific research on a phenomenon of interest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Experimental design

A

Participants are randomly assigned to different conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Quasi-experimental design

A

Participants are assigned to different conditions, but random assignment to conditions is not possible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Nonexperimental design

A

Does not include any “treatment” or assignment to different conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Observational design

A

Researcher observes employee behavior and systematically records what is observed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Survey design

A

Research strategy in which participants are asked to complete a survey or questionnaire

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Quantitative methods

A

Rely on tests, rating scales, questionnaires, and physiological measures and yield numerical results

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Qualitative methods

A

Rely on observations, interviews, case studies, and analysis of diaries or written documents and produce flow diagrams and narrative descriptions of events or processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Introspection

A

Early scientific method where the participant was also the experimenter, recording their experiences by completing experimental tasks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Triangulation

A

Approach in which researchers seek converging information from difference sources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Generalize

A

Applying the results from one study or sample to other participants or situations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Experimental control

A

When possible confounding influences that might make results less reliable or harder to interpret are eliminated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Statistical control

A

Using statistical techniques to control for the influence of certain variables
-allows researchers to concentrate exclusively on the primary relationships of interest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Descriptive statistics

A

Stats that summarize, organize, and describe a sample of data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Measure of central tendency

A

Stats that indicate where the center of distribution is located (mean, median, and mode)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Variability

A

The extent to which scores in a distribution vary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Skew

A

The extent to which scores in a distribution are lopsided or tent to fall on the left or right side of the distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Mean

A

Arithmetic average of the scores in a distribution

-sum all scores and divide by sample size

23
Q

Mode

A

Most common or frequently occurring score in a distribution

24
Q

Median

A

Middle score in a distribution

25
Q

Inferential statistics

A

Stats used to aid the researcher in testing hypotheses and making inferences from sample data to a larger sample or population

26
Q

Statistical significance

A

Indicates the probability of the observed statistic is less than the stated significance level adopted by the researcher (p

27
Q

Statistical power

A

Likelihood of finding a statistically significant difference when a true difference exists

28
Q

Measurement

A

Assigning numbers to characteristics of individuals or objects according to rules

29
Q

Correlation coefficient

A

Statistic assessing the bivariate, linear association between two variables

30
Q

Scatterplot

A

Graph used to plot the scatter of scores on two variables; used to display the correlational relationship btwn two variables

31
Q

Regression line

A

Straight line that best fits the scatterplot and describes the relationship btwn the variables in the graph (the slope of the line)

32
Q

Linear

A

Relationship btwn two variables that can be depicted by a straight line

33
Q

Nonlinear

A

Relationship btwn two variables that cannot be depicted by a straight line

34
Q

Multiple correlation coefficient

A

Statistic that represents the overall linear association btwn several variables (cognitive ability, personality, and experience) on the one hand and a single variable (job performance) on the other hand

35
Q

Meta-analysis

A

Statistical method for combining and analyzing the results from many studies to draw a general conclusion about relationships among variables

36
Q

Statistical artifacts

A

Characteristics (small sample size, unreliable measures) of a study that distort the observed research

37
Q

Micro-research

A

Study of individual behavior

38
Q

Macro-research

A

Study of collective behavior

39
Q

Meso-research

A

Study of the interaction of individual and collective behavior

40
Q

Reliability

A

Consistency or stability of a measure

41
Q

Validity

A

Accuracy of inferences made based on test or performance data; also addresses whether a measure accurately and completely represents what was intended to be measured

42
Q

Test-retest reliability

A

Type of reliability calculated by correlating measurements taken at time 1 with measurements taken at time 2

43
Q

Equivalent forms reliability

A

Type of reliability calculated by correlating measurements from a sample of individuals who complete two different forms of the same test

44
Q

Internal consistency

A

Form of reliability that assesses how consistently the items of a test measure a single construct

45
Q

Generalizability theory

A

Sophisticated approach to the question of reliability that simultaneously considers all types of error in reliability estimates

46
Q

Predictor

A

Test chosen or developed to assess attributes identified as important for successful job performance

47
Q

Criterion

A

Describes important aspects or demands of the job; the variable that we predict when evaluating the validity of a predictor

48
Q

Criterion-related validity

A

Validity approach that is demonstrated by correlating a test score with a performance measure; improves researchers confidence in the inference that people with higher test scores have higher performance

49
Q

Validity coefficient

A

Correlation coefficient between a test score (predictor) and a performance measure (criterion)

50
Q

Predictive validity design

A

Criterion-related validity design in which there is a time lag btwn collection of the test data and the criterion data

51
Q

Concurrent validity design

A

Criterion-related validity design in which there is no time lag btwn gathering the test scores and the performance data

52
Q

Content-related validation design

A

Design that demonstrates that the content of the selection procedure represents an adequate sample of important work behaviors and activities and/or worker KSAO’s defined by the job analysis

53
Q

Construct validity

A

Validity approach in which investigators gather evidence to support decisions or inferences about psychological constructs

54
Q

Construct

A

Psychological concept or characteristic that a predictor is intended to measure
-Ex: intelligence, personality, leadership

Industrial/Organizational Psychology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions