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Nutrition 2 > chapter 3 > Flashcards

chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

cells need what to do their work

A

energy, oxygen, water and nutrients

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2
Q

what determine the nature of cells work

A

genes

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3
Q

blood route

A

goes from the small intestine to liver to heart

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4
Q

lymph route

A

goes form the small intestine viz the lymphatic system to the thoracic duct where lymph enters the bloodstream near the heart (oil and water)

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5
Q

arteries carry

A

oxygen and nutrients to the tissues

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6
Q

how does blood circulate

A

among cells by capillaries, delivery of oxygen and nutrients picks up carbon dioxide and wastes

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7
Q

blood returns to the heart..

A

via veins and carbon dioxide is removed by the lungs in exchange for oxygen

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8
Q

blood circulates to the kidneys where

A

wastes are removed (filtered by nephrons) and excreted in the urine

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9
Q

how are hormones regulated

A

insulin and glucagon regulate blood glucose

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10
Q

how is nervous system regulated

A

responds to need for food, regulates digestion

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11
Q

digestion

A

breakdown of nutrients into their smallest subunits for absorption into the body

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12
Q

mouth processes:

A

taste buds guide food acceptability

chew and mix food with saliva

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13
Q

esophagus processes:

A

passes food to the stomach via peristalsis

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14
Q

stomach processes:

A

churns and mixes food into chyme

movement of food is controlled by cardic sphinter (into stomach) pyloric valve (into small intestine)

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15
Q

how many layers of muscle is the stomach

A

3

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16
Q

stomach processes continued:

A

adds hydrochloric acid and enzymes and fluid
denatures protein
kills microorganisms

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17
Q

what PH is gastic juice

A

1-2

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18
Q

mucus protects

A

the stomach wall

19
Q

heartburn

A

burning sensation in the chest caused by backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus antacids for temporary relief

20
Q

small intestine processes:

A

enzymes from pancreas and small intestine digest CHO, protein and fat
bile emulsifies fat to assist digestion

21
Q

bile is synthesized where

A

liver

22
Q

bile is stored where

A

gall bladder

23
Q

bile enters small intestine via

A

bile duct

24
Q

absorption processes

A

movement of nutrients from small intestine into the blood or lymph
large absorptive area created by folds of villi and smaller projections of microvilli

25
Q

what is not absorbed

A

ex fiber stays in small intestine and passes into the large intestine

26
Q

lower gut (large intestine) processes

A

reabsorbs water and minerals, passes wastes and some water to rectum

27
Q

rectum

A

stores wastes prior to elimination

28
Q

problems in lower gut:

A

diarrhea

constipation

29
Q

what is alcohol in alcoholic beverages

A

ethanol

30
Q

what does alcohol act as

A

lipid solvents can denature cells protein structure

31
Q

how does alcohol diffuse

A

though stomach wall into blood stream

32
Q

physical effect of alcohol

A

increase urine output
mineral loss
slow drinker: alcohol collected by liver and processed
fast drinker: some alcohol flows through rest of the body and brain

33
Q

is alcohol a depressant or stimulant

A

depressant

34
Q

1st alcohol effect

A

judgement and reasoning

35
Q

2nd alcohol effect

A

voluntary muscle control

36
Q

last alcohol effect

A

respiration and heart action

37
Q

how much alcohol dehydrogenases

A

80%

38
Q

how much alcohol MEOS system

A

10%

39
Q

how much alcohol is excreted through breath and urine

A

10%

40
Q

alcohol stimulates

A

fat synthesis in the liver, both acutely and chronically

41
Q

liver deterioration

A

fatty liver- fibosis

cirrhosis (loss of function)

42
Q

long term effects of alcohol

A 
liver cells
synthesis to blood lipids
toxic to muscle
increased bp
dementia 
cancer
43
Q

health effects of wine

A

high potassium in both wine and grape juice may lower high blood pressure
increases oxidations
may protect against events that may trigger heart disease

Nutrition 2 (7 decks)

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