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General Biology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cohesion

A

The linking together of like molecules, often by hydrogen bonds

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2
Q

Surface tension

A

The measurement of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid

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3
Q

Kinetic energy

A

The energy of motion

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4
Q

Heat

A

The measure of matter’s total kinetic energy due to motion of its molecules

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5
Q

Temperature

A

Measurement of heat intensity

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6
Q

Solution

A

Homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

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7
Q

Solvent

A

Dissolving agent of a solution

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8
Q

Solute

A

The substance being dissolved

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9
Q

Aqueous solution

A

Solution in which water is the solvent

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10
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Having an affinity for water

(polar)

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11
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Having no affinity for water
remember: fear of water (nonpolar)

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12
Q

Mole

A

Avogandro’s number
6.02 x 10^23

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13
Q

Molarity

A

The number of moles of solute per liter of solution

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14
Q

Hydrogen ion

A

Single proton with a +1 charge

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15
Q

Hydroxide ion

A

Water molecule that lacks a proton (OH-)

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16
Q

Hydronium ion

A

Water molecule with an extra proton (H30+)

17
Q

Acid

A

Donates protons to a solution
more acidic = more H+

18
Q

Base

A

Accepts protons from the solution

more basic = more OH- and less H+

19
Q

pH

A

The measure of proton concentration in a solution

20
Q

Buffer

A

Minimizes pH shifts within a solution

21
Q

Properties of Water (6)

A
  • polar
  • hydrogen bonding
  • liquid longer than other molecules of similar size
  • surface tension
  • capillary action
  • solid is less dense than liquid
22
Q

Three Chemical States

A

solid-least movement

liquid

gas-most movement

23
Q

Hydrophobicity

A

segregation of nonpolar molecules from polar molecules

24
Q

Cohesion Characteristics

A

water binds to itself

able to hold itself together

hydrogen bonding

25
Q

Surface Tension

A

Weak

Hydrogen Bonds

26
Q

Capillary Action

A

Hydrogen bonding

how trees get water from the ground

works in a narrow space

27
Q

pH Scale

A
28
Q

Acidosis is…

A

A serious medical condition in which body fluids become acidic

  • Due to kidney malfunctions
  • Kidneys help maintain homeostasis
  • Prevents blood enzymes from functioning
29
Q

Types of Acidosis (3)

A

Respiratory-too much CO2 (and acid) in the body

Metabolic-body producing too much acid or kidneys not remocing enough

Diabetic-keytone bodies (acid substances) build up during uncontrolled diabetes

30
Q

Characteristics (

A
  • composed of weak acid and related base
  • able to absorb H+ or OH- as needed
  • carbonic acid and biocarbonate buffer body pH

General Biology (5 decks)

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