Chapter 2

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that takes up space and has mass

Question 2

Element

Answer 2

A substance that cannot be broken down into another substance by a chemical reaction

Question 3

Compound

Answer 3

Substance consisting of two or more different elements combined into a fixed ratio

Question 4

Atom

Answer 4

The smallest unit of matter that maintains the properties of an element

Question 5

Neutron

Answer 5

Subatomic particle with no electrical charge

-inside of nucleus

Question 6

Proton

Answer 6

Subatomic particle with a positive electrical charge

-inside of nucleus

Question 7

Electron

Answer 7

Subatomic particle with a negative electrical charge

-outside of nucleus

Question 8

Dalton

Answer 8

A unit of measurement of mass for atoms and subatomic particles

Question 9

Atomic number

Answer 9

Amount of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 10

Atomic mass

Answer 10

Total mass of an atom (sum of protons and neutrons)

Question 11

Isotopes

Answer 11

Atoms of same element with different number of neutrons

Question 12

Electron shells

Answer 12

Different energy levels around the nucleus of an atom
1st-2 electrons
2nd-8 electrons
3rd-8 electrons

Question 13

Chemical bonds

Answer 13

Attraction between two atoms causing the sharing of the outer-shell electrons or presence of opposite charges on the atoms
-Sharing of electrons

Question 14

Covalent bonds

Answer 14

Chemical bond when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
-Electrons must be free

Question 15

Molecule

Answer 15

Two or more atoms joined together by covalent bonds

Question 16

Single bond

Answer 16

When two atoms each share one electron making one pair

Question 17

Double bond

Answer 17

When two atoms each share one pair (two electrons) of electrons making two pairs

Question 18

Electronegativity

Answer 18

The ability of atoms to attract electrons in a chemical bond

Up and to the Right with MOST EN

Question 19

Nonpolar covalent bond

Answer 19

When electrons are equally shared between two atoms of similar electronegativity

Question 20

Polar covalent bond

Answer 20

When electrons within a covalent bond are shared unequally between two atoms
Giving one a partial negative and the other a partial positive charge

Question 21

Ion

Answer 21

At atom/group of atoms that has gained or lost one or more electrons, thus having either a positive or negative charge

Question 22

Ionic bond

Answer 22

When an anion (-) and cation (+) are attracted to each other

Question 23

Anion

Answer 23

Negatively charged ion

-gains electron

Question 24

Cation

Answer 24

Positively charged ion

-loses electron

Question 25

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 25

When a partial + hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond is attracted to a partial - atom of a polar covalent bond

Question 26

Chemical reaction

Answer 26

When chemical bonds between two atoms are made or broken