Chapter 1

Question 1

Evolution

Answer 1

Change in the genetic composition of a population from generation to generation

Question 2

Biology

Answer 2

Scientific study of life

Question 3

Emergent Properties

Answer 3

New properties that arise with each step upward in the hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases

Question 4

Eukaryotic Cell

Answer 4

A type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. Organisms with these cells are aka eukaryotes

Question 5

Prokaryotic Cell

Answer 5

A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. Organisms with these cells are aka prokaryotes

Question 6

DNA

Answer 6

A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule, consisting of nucleotide monomers with deoxyribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T); capable if being replicated and determining the inherited structure of a cell’s proteins

Question 7

Genes

Answer 7

A discrete unit if hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses)

Question 8

Bacteria

Answer 8

One of two prokaryotic domains. Most diverse and widespread of prokaryotes.

Question 9

Archaea

Answer 9

One of two prokaryotic domains. Found in extreme environments (salt lakes and hot springs)

Question 10

Natural Selection

Answer 10

A process in which individuals that have certain inherited tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits

Question 11

Controlled Experiment

Answer 11

An experiment in which an experimental group is compared with a control group that varies only in the factor being tested

Question 12

Theory

Answer 12

An explanation that is broader in scope than a hypothesis, generated new hypotheses, and us supported by a large body of evidence

Question 13

Hypothesis

Answer 13

Proposed answer to a well-framed question/testable explanation based on scientific data

Question 14

Name the Levels of Organization from Least to Most (10)

Answer 14

Molecules-chemical structure consisting of two or more atoms
Organelles-membrane enclosed structures with specialized functions
Cells-unit of structure and function
Tissues-group of cells with common structure, function, or both
Organs/Organ System-multiple tissues performing body functions
Organisms-individual living things
Population-group of living things of the same species
Community-different organisms inhabiting a certain area
Ecosystem-living and nonliving things in which life interacts
Biosphere-place where life exists

Question 15

Name the Properties of Life (7)

Answer 15

Maintain homeostasis-regulating body temperature accordingly
Grow/reproduce
Organization-contains one or more cell
Adaption/Evolve-occurs over many generations according to change in atmosphere/environment
Process/use of energy
Contains genetic material-DNA
Respond to environment-make changes in response to stimulus